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自1978年改革开放以来,我国经济发展速度一直保持持续、快速增长。但与此同时,经济发展过度依赖投资和出口,而国内居民消费需求相对不足的经济结构问题逐渐凸显。本文采用定性分析和实证分析的方法,基于扩展线性支出系统,从消费支出变化、消费倾向以及八大消费品消费变化等角度,分析自1978年以来我国居民的消费结构变化情况。结果表明由于收入水平、消费环境、工作方式等方面的不同,我国城乡居民消费结构存在显著差异,城乡消费结构的优化要从提高农村收入、深化各项社会福利制度改革以优化消费环境等方面进行。
Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China’s economic growth has maintained sustained and rapid growth. At the same time, however, economic development relies too much on investment and exports, while the issue of the economic structure in which the consumption needs of domestic residents are relatively inadequate has become increasingly prominent. Based on the extended linear expenditure system, this paper analyzes the changes in the consumption structure of Chinese residents since 1978 from the perspectives of changes in consumer spending, consumption tendencies and consumption changes of the eight major consumer products. The results show that due to the differences in income level, consumption environment and work style, the consumption structure of urban and rural residents in China is significantly different. The optimization of urban and rural consumption structure should be made from improving rural income, deepening the reform of various social welfare systems to optimize consumption environment .