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目的:探究急性脑梗死患者侧支循环开放与脑微出血的关系。方法:抽取2015年1月至2018年8月临汾市中心医院收治的单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞急性脑梗死患者184例。患者均行数字减影血管造影检查，根据侧支循环开放情况分为1组(前交通动脉开放)、2组(后交通动脉开放)和3组(非前、后交通动脉开放)。通过磁共振成像分析发病6个月和12个月时的脑微出血数量。结果:发病后6、12个月，1组和2组新增脑微出血主要分布在皮层下区及皮层区，3组主要分布在基底节区。发病后6个月，1～3组新增脑微出血分别为18、12、18个，三组比较差异未见统计学意义(n P>0.05)。发病后12个月，1～3组新增脑微出血分别为24、16、30个，3组多于1组和2组，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05)。3组发病后12个月时新增脑微出血多于发病后6个月，差异有统计学意义(n P0.05). At 12 months of onset, the numbers of new cerebral microhemorrhages in groups 1 to 3 were 24, 16, 30, respectively; and the numbers of new cerebral microhemorrhages in group 3 was more than those those in group 1 and in group 2 (n P0.05). In group 3, the numbers of new cerebral microhemorrhages 12 months after onset were significantly more than that 6 months after onset (n P<0.05).n Conclusions:Performing collateral circulation opening early for patients with severe unilateral carotid artery stenosis or occlusive acute cerebral infarction can effectively promote the opening of the anterior and posterior communicating arteries and reduce the occurrence of new cerebral microhemorrhage.