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本研究利用自主开发的荔枝SNP和EST-SSR两种分子标记技术,对近年发掘的荔枝优稀种质御金球进行分子鉴定,明确其与现有的363份荔枝种质的亲缘关系,以探索其是否为新种质,并揭示亲本来源,为进行新品种保护提供分子证据。结果表明,13对EST-SSR引物在364份种质中共产生122条谱带,其中多态性条带112条(91.8%);筛选出的17对SNP引物均表现为二等位性。御金球与363份荔枝种质的演化分化系数介于0.043~1.924之间,遗传相似性系数介于0.123~0.877之间。可见,御金球与现有的363份荔枝种质在分子水平上存在差异,证实御金球为一份全新荔枝种质。通过对该种质与22份疑似亲本进行EST-SSR和SNP分析,并结合表型资料及品种起源信息,初步认为御金球是杂交后代,且母本为糯米糍,父本为焦核怀枝的可能性最大。SNP分型技术首次成功地用于荔枝新种质御金球的亲本来源鉴定,为今后荔枝种质的鉴别提供了可借鉴手段。
In this study, two independently developed Litchi SNP and EST-SSR molecular marker techniques were used to identify the golden ear balls of Litchi, a rare and dilute germplasm in recent years, and to identify the genetic relationship with the existing 363 litchi germplasms. Explore whether it is a new germplasm, reveal the origin of the parents and provide molecular evidence for the protection of new varieties. The results showed that there were 122 bands in 364 germplasm of 13 pairs of EST-SSR primers, of which 112 bands (91.8%) were polymorphic bands. The 17 pairs of SNP primers showed bisexuality. The evolutionary differentiation coefficient of germplasm between Royal Court and 363 litchi was between 0.043 and 1.924, and the genetic similarity coefficient was between 0.123 and 0.877. Visible, Royal ball with the existing 363 litchi germplasm differences at the molecular level, confirms that the ball is a new Royal Green Litchi germplasm. Based on the EST-SSR and SNP analysis of the germplasm and the 22 suspected parents, combining the phenotypic data and the origin of the cultivars, it was initially considered that the golden corolla was the hybrid progeny and the female parent was glutinous rice corpus, and the male parent was the nuclear coke kernel Most likely branch. For the first time, the SNP typing technique was successfully used to identify the source of litchi new seed germplasm resources, which provided a reference for future identification of litchi germplasm.