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一 1961年通过的苏共纲领提出的第三世界发展模式为: “这些新独立的国家既不属于帝国主义国家系统,也不属于社会主义国家系统。但它们中的绝大多数还没有脱离世界资本主义经济,而是在其中占有特殊地位。它们是世界上仍受资本主义垄断集团剥削的部分。只要它们在经济上还附庸于帝国主义,它们就仍然是世界的乡村,仍然是半殖民地剥削的对象”。这种观点仍然指导着象尤利安诺夫斯基之流的老一辈学究式理论家。他们继续认为只有在国内和国际范围内消灭了资本主义体系,才能解决与不发达有关的全部问题。但许多较年轻的学者的观点逐渐发生了变化。他们在讨论二十世纪后期的“附庸”和“发展”问题时,不仅不受约二十年前苏共纲领所提模式的约束,有时甚至不符合列宁约六十五年前所作关于帝国主义性质的论述。他们把马列主义看作一个可扩展的分析系统,而不是一个能给所有问题提供现成的正确答案的预定模式。
The Third World Development Model proposed by the CPSU adopted in 1961 reads: “These newly independent countries do not belong neither to the imperialist state system nor to the socialist state system, but the vast majority of them have not yet separated themselves from the world Capitalist economy but occupies a special place among them.They are the parts of the world that are still exploited by the capitalist monopolies.If they are economically annexed to imperialism, they will still be the rural areas of the world and still be exploited semi-colonially Object”. This view still leads the older generation of academic theorists like Julianovsky. They continue to believe that the entire problem related to underdevelopment can be solved only if the capitalist system is eliminated domestically and internationally. But the views of many younger scholars have changed gradually. In discussing the issues of “vassalism” and “development” in the late twentieth century, they not only were not constrained by the model proposed by the CPSU some two decades ago, sometimes not even in line with Lenin’s account of imperialism about 65 years ago Nature of the discussion. They see Marxism-Leninism as a scalable analytical system, not as a predetermined model that provides ready-made, correct answers to all questions.