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目的研究安徽省老年人群营养与健康现况,为制定老年营养干预措施提供依据。方法选择1个城市监测点和1个农村监测点,每个监测点抽取60～75岁老人800名,使用个人健康问卷、食物频率问卷、健康体检及社区调查问卷进行调查。结果城市点60岁～75岁老年人群高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、贫血患病率均高于农村点,分别为67.1%>58.5%、14.3%>11.4%、38.4%>31.9%和39.0%>28.7%;农村点男性老年人群的吸烟率和女性老人的被动吸烟率高于城市点,分别为61.2%>22.0%、44.4%>22.7%;城乡老年人群的粗杂粮摄入不足,蔬菜摄入情况要好于水果;城乡老年人群尚未普遍养成饮奶习惯,农村点仅有4.6%的人每日饮奶;老人家庭的高食盐摄入和高烹调用油现象比较普遍,尤其是农村地区分别达76.6%和61.4%;老年人群腌制食品摄入比例较高,超过50%;城乡老年人群普遍都有吃早餐的习惯,但早餐营养质量不高。结论城市点老年人群的相关慢病流行水平高于农村点,其营养摄入行为危险因素暴露水平低于农村点;城乡老人的膳食结构存在诸多缺陷,农村点老人早餐膳食营养价值不高。
Objective To study the current situation of nutrition and health of the elderly population in Anhui Province and to provide the basis for formulating the nutritional interventions for the elderly. Methods One urban monitoring point and one rural monitoring point were selected, and 800 elderly aged 60-75 were selected at each monitoring point. Individual health questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, physical examination and community questionnaire were used to investigate. Results The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and anemia in urban areas were 67.1%> 58.5%, 14.3%> 11.4%, 38.4%> 31.9% and 60% 39.0%> 28.7%. The prevalence of smoking in rural male elderly population and the passive smoking rate of female elderly were higher than those in urban areas (61.2%> 22.0%, 44.4%> 22.7%, respectively). Inadequate intake of coarse cereals in urban and rural elderly population, Vegetable intake is better than fruit; elderly people in urban and rural areas have not yet generally developed drinking habits, only 4.6% of rural people drink milk daily; high salt intake of the elderly families and high cooking oil is more common, especially Rural areas were 76.6% and 61.4% respectively; the proportion of elderly people with preserved food intake was higher than 50%; the elderly in urban and rural areas generally had the habit of eating breakfast, but the quality of breakfast nutrition was not high. Conclusion The prevalence of related chronic diseases in urban elderly population is higher than that in rural areas, and the exposure level of risk factors of nutritional intake is lower than that in rural areas. The dietary structure of elderly people in urban and rural areas has many defects. The nutritional value of breakfast in rural areas is not high.