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至今为止，已经有２６种植物成功地转入了Ｂｔ毒蛋白基因，它们将在防治害虫中发挥重要作用．Ｂｔ作物释放的潜在风险是害虫的抗性进化．害虫对Ｂｔ毒蛋白产生抗性的机制包括行为躲避、生理生化机制及遗传机制．抗性等位基因的初始频率和抗性的遗传稳定性等特性影响着抗性管理对策的实施和效用．抗性管理对策包括Ｂｔ作物的轮作、转入多个杀虫基因、Ｂｔ毒蛋白高剂量表达、低剂量表达和目标特异表达以及避难所策略等，它们是互为补充的．其中，“高剂量／避难所”策略受到广泛的重视．但是，这些策略来自理论数学模型和实验室数据，其有效性尚需要田间实验的检验并得到进一步的完善
So far, 26 species of plants have been successfully transformed into Bt toxin genes, and they will play an important role in pest control. The potential risk of Bt crop release is pest resistance evolution. The mechanisms by which pests resist Bt toxins include behavior avoidance, physiological and biochemical mechanisms, and genetic mechanisms. The initial frequency of the resistance allele and the genetic stability of the resistance affect the implementation and utility of the resistance management strategy. Resistance management strategies include rotation of Bt crops, diversion into multiple insecticidal genes, high-dose Bt toxin expression, low dose and target-specific expression, and shelter strategies that complement each other. Among them, the “high dose / shelter” strategy has received widespread attention. However, these strategies come from theoretical mathematic models and laboratory data, and their effectiveness is still subject to field testing and further refinement