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采用自动式遮雨棚水分精量控制试验研究了交替地下滴灌条件下不同灌溉定额对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:交替地下滴灌春玉米需水关键时期为拔节-抽雄期、抽雄-灌浆期,具体表现为耗水模系数与耗水强度大,且对水分敏感性高,在灌溉条件有限的情况下要优先满足春玉米这两个时期的水分需求.随着灌溉定额的增加,产量呈现增加趋势;灌溉定额小于2764.5 m~3·hm~(-2)时产量随灌溉定额增加快速增加,大于2764.5 m~3·hm~(-2)时产量随灌溉定额增加缓慢增加;当灌溉定额为3357.1 m~3·hm~(-2)时产量最高,达12109.0kg·hm~(-2).与固定地下滴灌相比,在灌溉定额相同条件下,交替地下滴灌产量提高5.4%,水分利用效率提高1.4%,灌溉水利用效率提高5.6%.与固定地下滴灌相比,灌溉定额减少20%时,交替地下滴灌虽然产量下降1.8%,但水分利用效率提高11.0%,灌溉水利用效率提高22.7%.综合考虑产量、水分利用效率两个指标,确定试验区春玉米交替地下滴灌的适宜灌溉定额为1600.4~3357.1 m~3·hm~(-2).
The effects of different irrigation quotas on the yield and water use efficiency of spring maize under alternate subsurface drip irrigation were studied by means of automatic precision control experiment of canopy shed water.The results showed that the key period of spring water demand of alternate subsurface drip irrigation was jointing-tasseling stage, In the tasseling-filling stage, the water consumption coefficient and water consumption intensity are large, and the water sensitivity is high. Under the condition of limited irrigation, the water requirements of the spring maize should be prioritized .With the irrigation quota While the yield increased with the irrigation quota being less than 2764.5 m ~ 3 · hm -2. The yield increased rapidly with the increase of irrigation quota, while the yield increased slowly with the increase of irrigation quota when the irrigation quota was more than 2764.5 m ~ 3 · hm -2 , And the highest yield was 12109.0 kg · hm -2 when the irrigation quota was 3357.1 m 3 · hm -2. Compared with the fixed underground drip irrigation, under the same irrigation standard, the yield of alternate underground drip irrigation was increased 5.4%, water use efficiency increased by 1.4%, irrigation water use efficiency increased by 5.6% .Compared with fixed subsurface drip irrigation, when the irrigation quota decreased by 20%, although the yield was reduced by 1.8%, the water use efficiency increased by 11.0% Water use efficiency increased by 22.7% Considering the two indicators of yield and water use efficiency, the suitable irrigation quota of alternating underground drip irrigation of spring maize was determined as 1600.4 ~ 3357.1 m ~ 3 · hm -2.