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人教社九一年四月版的高中语文第四册,新编入一知识短文《中国古代小说的特征》。编写者列举了中国古代小说的四个特点,笔者认为其中第一个特点的一些说法不甚妥当,特提出来商榷。编写者认为:“注意人物行动、语言和细节的描写,在矛盾冲突中展示人物形象。但人物性格单一、少变化,缺乏立体感。”而问题的原因是“由于缺乏人物内在世界的真实凸现,人物性格往往是由作者规定好的,人物的语言和行动往往只围绕一个中心性格,缺少变化和行动的依据,因此,这样的人物性格比较单一,不丰满,缺乏立体感”。为了证明这一点,编写者还将古代小说与现代小说作一比较,认为“现代小说多注重人物的心理描写,强调挖掘人物内心的潜意识”,意思是古代小说塑造人物形象性格单一,不丰满,缺乏立体感”跟没有心理描写也有很大的关系。笔者认为以上说法有两点值得商榷。其一,是不是所有的中国古代小说都没有用到心理描写的手法,是不是所有的中国古代小说都没有挖
The fourth edition of the senior high school language book of the April 2009 edition of the People’s Education Society was newly compiled into a short essay entitled “Characteristics of Chinese Ancient Novels.” The author categorizes the four characteristics of Chinese ancient novels. The author believes that some of the first features are not very appropriate, and he specifically proposes to discuss them. The writer believes that “pay attention to the depiction of characters’ actions, language, and details, and display the characters’ images in contradictory conflicts. However, the characters are single, changeless, and lack three-dimensional.” The reason for the problem is “because of the lack of real highlights of the characters’ inner world. Characters are often stipulated by the authors. Characters’ language and actions often revolve around only one central character, lacking the basis for change and action. Therefore, such characters are relatively single, lacking in fullness, and lacking in three-dimensionality. In order to prove this point, the author of the book compared ancient novels with modern novels, arguing that “modern fiction pays more attention to the psychological description of the characters and emphasizes the unconsciousness of the character’s heart”, which means that the characters in the novels of ancient novels are single and not full. The lack of three-dimensionality has a lot to do with lack of psychological description. I think there are two points to be debatable in the above statement. First, isn’t all Chinese ancient novels used psychological description techniques? Is it all Chinese ancient novels? No digging