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为了了解和评价当前太湖流域农村地区典型村镇土壤养分和水体污染现状,本文以宜兴市周铁镇和万石镇农村地区为研究区域,分别采集土壤样品60个,水体样品79个,分析其土壤中氮磷的含量以及水体中化学需氧量和氮磷的含量。结果表明:宜兴市农村地区菜地和果园土壤中氮和磷含量过高,养分流失风险最大;其次为麦地土壤;而林地土壤样品中氮和磷含量较低,养分流失风险最小。当地农户在设施蔬菜大棚、果园和麦地中施用大量化肥是导致菜地、果园和麦地土壤氮、磷累积的主要原因。采集的水体样品中,地表河流水、养殖废水和田间沟渠水的污染物浓度变化较大。其中地表河流水的化学需氧量、铵态氮、总氮和总磷的平均含量分别为57、1.7、3.8、0.27 mg/L。55个地表河流水样品中有10个处于V类水的标准,其余45个样品均为劣V类。
In order to understand and evaluate the status quo of soil nutrients and water pollution in the typical villages and towns in the rural areas of Taihu Lake Basin, this paper takes the rural areas of Zhou Town and Wanshi Town of Yixing City as study area, collecting 60 soil samples and 79 water samples respectively. Phosphorus content and chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen and phosphorus content in water. The results showed that the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetable fields and orchards in rural areas of Yixing City were too high, and the risk of nutrient loss was the highest, followed by wheat field soil. However, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in forest soil samples were lower and the risk of nutrient loss was the least. The local farmers in the facilities of greenhouse, orchard and wheat fields to use a large number of chemical fertilizers is the main cause of vegetable, orchard and wheat soil nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of the main reasons. In the collected water samples, the concentrations of pollutants in surface river water, farming wastewater and field ditch water vary greatly. Among them, the chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface river water were 57, 1.7, 3.8 and 0.27 mg / L, respectively. Ten of the 55 surface river water samples were in Class V water, and the remaining 45 samples were all Class V.