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虽然很早就知道,与豆科植物共生的根瘤菌能固定空中氮,但最近了解,在豆科以外的作物中也有固定空中氮的细菌共生。用粟和稗类的实验证明,如利用这种细菌,那末氮肥的施用可大幅度减少。进行这个实验的是佛罗里达大学的史密斯等八人。他们培养了含酯螺旋菌(螺旋菌多数为水生的螺旋状细菌)。接种了它的作物产量比对照显著增加,氮每公顷可节约39～42公斤。
Although it has been known for a long time that Rhizobia, which is symbiotic with legumes, can fix aerial nitrogen, it has recently been known that there are bacterial symbioses that immobilize aerial nitrogen in crops other than Leguminosae. Experiments with millet and barnyard grass have demonstrated that the use of nitrogenous fertilizers can be greatly reduced by using this bacterium. Eight people, including Smith of the University of Florida, conducted the experiment. They cultivated Escherichia spiralis, the helical bacteria that are mostly aquatic helminths. The crop inoculated with it had a significantly higher yield than the control and nitrogen savings of 39-42 kg per hectare.