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目的:探讨仑伐替尼联合程序性死亡受体-1（PD-1）抗体治疗不可切除或进展期肝细胞癌（以下简称肝癌）的临床疗效。方法:采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2018年9月至2020年1月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的59例不可切除或进展期肝癌病人的临床病理资料；男54例，女5例；中位年龄为52岁，年龄范围为25~73岁。59例病人均采用仑伐替尼联合PD-1抗体治疗，其中43例直接进行一线治疗，16例因仑伐替尼或索拉非尼单药治疗发生肿瘤进展或不耐受后进行二线治疗。观察指标：（1）临床疗效。（2）药物不良反应及治疗情况。（3）随访及生存情况。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访，了解病人靶病灶肿瘤长径、总体生存和疾病无进展生存情况。随访时间截至2020年12月。偏态分布的计量资料以n M（n P25，P75）或n M（范围）表示。计数资料以绝对数和（或）百分比表示。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算中位缓解持续时间、中位总体生存时间、中位疾病无进展生存时间和生存率并绘制生存曲线。n 结果:（1）临床疗效：59例肝癌病人治疗后客观缓解率、完全缓解率、部分缓解率、疾病稳定率、疾病进展率、治疗起效时间、中位缓解持续时间分别为37.3%（22/59）、11.9%（7/59）、25.4%（15/59）、37.3%（22/59）、25.4%（15/59）、2.6个月（2.1个月，4.0个月）、6.3个月［95%可信区间（n CI）为2.2～10.5个月］。43例进行一线治疗肝癌病人的客观缓解率、完全缓解率、部分缓解率、疾病稳定率、疾病进展率、治疗起效时间分别为41.9%（18/43）、16.3%（7/43）、25.6%（11/43）、37.2%（16/43）、20.9%（9/43）、2.2个月（2.0个月，3.5个月），中位缓解持续时间尚未达到。16例进行二线治疗肝癌病人的客观缓解率、完全缓解率、部分缓解率、疾病稳定率、疾病进展率、治疗起效时间、中位缓解持续时间分别为4/16、0、4/16、6/16、6/16、3.8个月（3.6个月，4.1个月）、4.2个月（95%n CI为2.0～6.3个月）。59例肝癌病人中，6例肿瘤转化为可切除肝癌，行Rn 0手术切除，转化切除率为10.2%（6/59）。其中一线治疗病人5例，转化切除率为11.6%（5/43）；二线治疗病人1例，转化切除率为1/16。（2）药物不良反应及治疗情况：59例肝癌病人中，25例发生3～4级药物不良反应，发生率为42.4%（25/59）。其中10例病人γ-谷氨酰转移酶>5倍正常值上限（一线治疗、二线治疗病人各5例）；9例病人天冬氨酸氨基转移酶>5倍正常值上限（一线治疗病人4例、二线治疗病人5例）；5例病人消化道出血（一线治疗病人4例、二线治疗病人1例）；4例一线治疗病人白细胞计数3倍正常值上限（一线治疗病人1例、二线治疗病人3例）；3例一线治疗病人中性粒细胞计数5×upper limit of normal (ULN), 9 cases including 4 cases undergoing first-line therapy and 5 cases undergoing second-line therapy had the level of aspartate aminotransferase >5×ULN, 5 cases including 4 cases undergoing first-line therapy and 1 case undergoing second-line therapy occurred gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 4 cases undergoing first-line therapy had the level of white blood cell count 3×ULN, 3 cases undergoing first-line therapy had the level of neutrophil count <1.0×10 n 9/L, 3 cases including 2 cases undergoing first-line therapy and 1 case undergoing second-line therapy occurred ascites, 2 cases including 1 case undergoing first-line therapy and 1 case undergoing second-line therapy had the level of platelet count 5×ULN, 2 cases undergoing first-line therapy occurred hyponatremia, 2 cases including 1 case undergoing first-line therapy and 1 case undergoing second-line therapy occurred pulmonary infection, 2 cases including 1 case undergoing first-line therapy and 1 case undergoing second-line therapy occurred type 1 diabetes, 1 case undergoing first-line therapy occurred hypokalemia, 1 case undergoing first-line therapy occurred myocarditis, 1 case undergoing first-line therapy occurred hypophysistis, 1 case undergoing first-line therapy occurred bullous dermatitis, 1 case undergoing first-line therapy occurred hypertension. Three of 59 HCC patients underwent 5 grade adverse drug reactions ,with the incidence of 5.1%(3/59), including 1 case undergoing first-line therapy with immune hepatitis, 1 case undergoing second-line therapy with immune pneumonia and 1 case undergoing second-line therapy with immune enteritis. Some of patients underwent multiple adverse drug reactions at the same time. Twenty five patients undergoing 3 to 4 grade adverse drug reactions were relieved with the treatment of drug reduction, drug withdrawal, symptomatic treatment or hormone therapy. Three patients undergoing 5 grade adverse drug reactions died after being treated with high-dose hormone shock and hepatoprotective treatment. (3) Follow-up and survival: all 59 patients were followed up for 1.5 to 25.2 months, with a median follow-up time of 13.3 months. Of them, patients undergoing first-line therapy were followed up for 1.9 to 25.2 months, with a median follow-up time of 13.5 months. During follow-up,20 cases undergoing first-line therapy died with the fatality rate of 46.5%(20/43). Patients undergoing second-line therapy were followed up for 1.5 to 24.4 months, with a median follow-up time of 10.8 months. During follow-up, 10 cases undergoing second-line therapy died with the fatality rate of 10/16. Up to the latest follow-up, the tumor diameter of the target lesion in all 59 patients, in patients undergoing first-line therapy and in patients undergoing second-line therapy was 75 mm(38 mm, 125 mm), 74 mm(36 mm, 116 mm), 84 mm(48 mm,150 mm), respectively. The ratio of tumor diameter of the target lesion at latest follow-up to tumor diameter of the target lesion at baseline were -9.05%(-27.3%, 19.7%), -16.1%(-28.8%, 13.6%), 13.2%(-24.7%, 23.5%) for all 59 patients, patients undergoing first-line therapy and patients undergoing second-line therapy, respectively. The median overall survival time and median progression free survival time of patients undergoing first-line therapy and patients undergoing second-line therapy were 17.1 months(95% n CI as 11.0 to 23.2 months), 10.8 months(95%n CI as 5.0 to 16.6 months) and 10.8 months(95%n CI as 9.2 to 12.4 months), 3.0 months(95%n CI as 1.6 to 4.4 months), respectively.n Conclusion:For unresectable or advanced HCC, combination therapy with lenvatinib and PD-1 antibodies can obtain effective antitumor activity and less incidence of adverse drug reactions.