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美国西海岸的加利福尼亚州面积41万平方公里,由西北向东南伸延,北部进入西风带,中南部属地中海气候,降水量由北向南递减,因而加利福尼亚水资源分布是北多南少。水资源丰沛的克拉马斯河、萨克拉门托河等都在北部。中南部除了圣华金河外,均为分散、短小的季节性河流或内陆河。加利福尼亚多年地表平均径流量为655亿立方米,北部面积不到全州之半,地表径流竟占84.2％;中南部地域广大,水资源只占15.8％。而加州经济却是南强北弱,绝大部分经济活动都集中于中南部。加利福尼亚地区不是一个独立完整的流域,水资源供求在空间上的不平衡不能靠河川的自然输导来解决,工农业和城市生活用水就要靠跨流域调水。加州跨流域调水主要有两个途径:北水南调和东水西调。北水南调是从萨克拉门托河向圣华金河流域和加州南
On the west coast of the United States, California covers an area of 410,000 square kilometers, extending from northwest to southeast. The north enters the westerly zone. The central-southern Mediterranean region has a Mediterranean climate and the precipitation decreases from north to south. Therefore, the distribution of water resources in California is less than north to south. Water rich Klamath River, Sacramento River and so on in the north. Central South except San Joaquin, are scattered, short seasonal river or inland river. Over the years, the average surface runoff in California has reached 65.5 billion cubic meters. The northern area is less than half of that of the entire state. The surface runoff actually accounts for 84.2%. The vast central-southern region has only 15.8% of water resources. However, the economy of California is weak in the south and strong in the north, with the vast majority of economic activity concentrated in central and southern China. California is not an independent basin. The spatial imbalance between supply and demand of water resources can not be solved by the natural guidance of rivers. The water used for industrial, agricultural and urban life should be transferred across the basin. There are two main routes for cross-basin water transfer in California: the North Water Transfer and the East Water Transfer. North Water South from the Sacramento River to the San Joaquin Valley and southern California