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现代的研究与发展需要冒巨大的金融风险,它已变成需要大量投资、使用昂贵仪器和计算机密集的工作。从工业的观点来看,研究与发展是一个大生意,象所有的大生意一样,其浪费和失败的可能性是很大的。它需要管理。旧的自由个体式的研究,与它狂热的发明者、不加鉴别的鼓吹者,以及热情的拥护者们,已不再被现代研究的投资者们所接受。然而,这一转变的结果既有利也有弊。因为,如果离开个人的创造力和具有创造力的科
Modern research and development requires tremendous financial risk, and it has become a work that requires significant investment, expensive equipment and computer intensive use. From an industrial point of view, research and development is a big business. Like all big business, the possibilities of waste and failure are enormous. It needs to be managed. The old, free-solo research, with its avid inventors, unidentified advocates, and enthusiastic advocates, are no longer accepted by investors in modern research. However, the result of this shift has both advantages and disadvantages. Because if you leave your own creative and creative department