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目的了解校外青少年吸烟现状,为制定相应的健康教育策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,在辽宁省沈阳市的5个城区随机抽取建筑工地、洗浴中心、个体摊贩、发廊、饭店、社区等单位(地区)各2~3个,每个单位随机抽取16~25周岁校外青少年10~20人,累计调查1 153人;采用课题组自行设计的《校外青少年吸烟现况调查问卷》,采取调查对象自填式和专业人员问询式相结合的调查方法进行调查。结果校外青少年吸烟率45.7%,被动吸烟率50.2%,吸烟相关知识知晓率51.3%;吸烟受性别和职业因素影响,与男性相比,女性吸烟率低(OR=0.55,95%CI=0.33~0.90);与无业(待业)相比,建筑工人吸烟率高(OR=3.179,95%CI=1.70~5.95),餐饮服务员吸烟率低(OR=0.27,95%CI=0.15~0.48),洗浴服务员吸烟率高(OR=1.929,95%CI=1.24~3.01),发廊服务员吸烟率低(OR=0.53,95%CI=0.32~0.89)。结论校外青少年吸烟率较高,吸烟率受性别和职业影响;吸烟相关知识知晓率偏低;建议根据不同职业特点,有针对性地普及控烟知识,倡导戒烟行为,开展健康教育。
Objective To understand the status quo of smoking among off-campus adolescents and provide a scientific basis for formulating corresponding health education strategies. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to randomly select 2 to 3 construction sites, bathing centers, individual vendors, hair salons, restaurants and communities in 5 urban areas in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province. Each unit randomly selected 16 ~ 25 years of age out-of-school adolescents 10 to 20 people, a total of 1 153 people surveyed; using self-designed questionnaire of the group of young people outside the smoking survey, to take the survey object self-contained and professional inquiry inquiry method survey. Results The smoking rate of adolescents outside school was 45.7%, that of passive smoking was 50.2% and that of smoking-related knowledge was 51.3%. Smoking was affected by gender and occupational factors. Compared with males, the smoking rate of females was lower (OR = 0.55,95% CI = 0.33 ~ (OR = 3.179, 95% CI = 1.70 ~ 5.95), low rate of smoking in attendants (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.15 ~ 0.48) Attendants had a high rate of smoking (OR = 1.929, 95% CI = 1.24-3.01), and smoking in salon attendant was low (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.32-0.89). Conclusions The smoking rate of off-campus adolescents is high, the smoking rate is affected by gender and occupation, and the awareness rate of smoking-related knowledge is low. It is suggested that popularization of tobacco control knowledge should be based on different occupational characteristics, smoking cessation should be promoted, and health education should be promoted.