论文部分内容阅读
目的掌握韩城市农村饮用水改造和粪便处理现状,了解农村垃圾污水治理情况,为制定农村饮用水安全发展规划、农村环境治理策略及新农村建设提供科学依据。方法对16个乡镇采取分层随机抽样的方法,对不同水源类型和供水方式选择水质调查(监测)点10个,并按供水方式不同随机抽取10个行政村,每个行政村随机抽10户入户走访调查。结果全市集中式供水占总人口的29.64%,分散式供水占总人口的70.36%,经χ2检验,χ2=4096.9,P<0.01。农村饮水情况按水源类型分析:地面水水源占农村总人口的76.97%。按饮用水水质情况分析:单样全指标合格率为20%,均数全指标合格率为80%,其中单项不合格主要集中在细菌学指标上。农村卫生厕所仅占1.79%,垃圾随意排放占产量的62.75%,污水随意排放占排放量的44.11%。结论应加强水源防护和供水系统完全处理措施,将饮水,厕所、垃圾、污水排放及道路硬化等基础设施建设进行统筹规划,加大农村环境综合治理。
Objective To understand the status quo of rural drinking water remodeling and excrement disposal in Hancheng, understand the status of rural waste water treatment, and provide a scientific basis for formulating rural drinking water safety development planning, rural environmental governance strategies and new rural construction. Methods Twenty-six villages and towns were stratified random sampling method, 10 water quality survey (monitoring) points were selected for different types of water sources and water supply methods, and 10 administrative villages were randomly selected according to the different water supply methods. Each administrative village randomly selected 10 households Home visit investigation. Results The city centralized water supply accounted for 29.64% of the total population, distributed water supply accounted for 70.36% of the total population, χ2 test, χ2 = 4096.9, P <0.01. Drinking water in rural areas according to the type of water source analysis: groundwater sources accounted for 76.97% of the total rural population. According to the analysis of drinking water quality: single kind of full index pass rate of 20%, the average number of all indicators pass rate of 80%, of which individual failed to focus on bacteriological indicators. Rural sanitary toilets accounted for only 1.79%, casual waste accounted for 62.75% of total output, free discharge of sewage accounted for 44.11% of emissions. Conclusions The water source protection and water supply system should be fully dealt with and overall plans should be made for infrastructure construction such as drinking water, toilets, garbage, sewage discharge and road hardening, and to increase comprehensive management of rural environment.