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教育投资影响就业具有人力资本功能和信号筛选功能。教育投资的人力资本功能认为,在连续的劳动力市场上,教育投资在短期内产生就业替代效应,长期内产生就业扩张效应。教育投资的信号筛选功能认为,在分割的劳动力市场上,平稳的教育投资水平对就业量的影响不大,但在教育投资急剧增长情况下,对就业量的影响是复杂的,可能减少就业量,也可能增加就业量。本文运用我国经济转型期数据进行的协整分析表明,我国教育投资长期内对就业产生了扩张效应。然而,我国高等教育投资与基础教育投资对就业产生了不同的影响。基础教育投资表现出更多的人力资本功能,促进就业增长;高等教育投资表现出更多的信号筛选功能,减少就业,这可能与我国高校急剧扩张有关。
Education investment affects employment with human capital function and signal screening function. The function of human capital in education investment holds that, in the continuous labor market, investment in education produces job substitution in the short run and employment expansion in the long run. The signal filtering function of education investment holds that the steady level of investment in education has little effect on the employment volume in the segmented labor market but the impact on the employment volume is complicated and the employment volume may be reduced under the dramatic growth of investment in education , May also increase the amount of employment. This paper uses the cointegration analysis of China's economic transition data shows that the long-term investment in education in our country have had an expansion effect on employment. However, the investment in higher education and basic education in our country have had different effects on employment. Investment in basic education shows more human capital function and promotes employment growth. Higher education investment shows more signal screening function and employment reduction, which may be related to the rapid expansion of Chinese universities.