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目的阐明内蒙古地区肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行特征。方法对内蒙古地区52年来的疫情资料及监测情况进行统计分析,对重点疫区宿主动物分布及其汉坦病毒感染率进行流行病学调查。结果1955—2006年全自治区共报告HFRS 8310例,分布在9个盟(市)的61个旗(县、市、区)。呼伦贝尔市是全自治区HFRS流行最严重的地区,共报告病例7369例,占全区发病例数的88.68%。20世纪90年代前,疫情主要发生在内蒙古的东部地区;90年代后,疫情在中西部地区陆续出现。位于西部的巴彦淖尔市于1999年首次报告HFRS病例,随后发病例数逐年增多,2005年报告95例。在啮齿动物中,现已查明黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、小家鼠、黑线仓鼠、子午沙鼠、莫氏田鼠、红背(鼠平)、大林姬鼠、小毛足鼠、三趾跳鼠、五趾跳鼠11种鼠携带汉坦病毒。结论内蒙古自治区HFRS疫区有可能还将扩大,疫情也会在一段时间内维持在较高水平。
Objective To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Inner Mongolia. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on epidemic situation data and monitoring in Inner Mongolia over the past 52 years to investigate the distribution of host animals in major epidemic areas and the prevalence of Hantavirus infection. Results A total of 8310 cases of HFRS were reported in the Autonomous Region from 1955 to 2006, distributed in 61 banners (counties, cities and districts) of 9 alliance (cities). Hulunbuir is the most endemic area of HFRS in the autonomous region. A total of 7369 cases were reported, accounting for 88.68% of the total number of cases in the whole region. Before the 1990s, the outbreak mainly occurred in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia. After the 1990s, the epidemic began to emerge one after another in the central and western regions. Bayannaoir, located in the west, first reported cases of HFRS in 1999, with a subsequent increase in the number of cases and 95 cases in 2005. In rodents, Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Mus musculus, black hamster, Meriones unguiculatus, Microtus matsus, red-backed Toe jumping rats, five-toe jumping rats carrying Hantaan virus. Conclusion Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region HFRS epidemic is likely to be expanded, the epidemic will be maintained at a high level for some time.