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采用有限元方法及模型试验对刚性地基上的上埋式涵洞进行施工模拟,分析方形涵洞和半圆形拱涵施工过程中填土沉降、等沉面及涵顶土压力的变化规律。结果表明:等沉面高度随填土高度的增大而减小,而且涵顶形状影响等沉面高度;涵顶形状不同,涵顶土压力分布和土压力系数变化很大。涵顶填土高度大于10倍涵洞高度时,方涵和半圆拱涵的等沉面高度分别趋近于3.1倍、2.7倍涵洞高度,涵顶土压力系数则分别为1.56、1.26。
The finite element method and model test are used to simulate the buried culverts on the rigid foundation so as to analyze the regularity of earth pressure on the subsidence surface and the culvert surface during the construction of the square culvert and the semi-circular arch culvert. The results show that the height of isosceles decreases with the increase of filling height, and the height of the culvert is influenced by the shape of culverts. Due to the different culvert shapes, the pressure distribution at the culvert and the pressure coefficient of soil vary widely. When the height of culvert fill is more than 10 times of culvert height, the isosceles of arch culvert and semicircle arch culvert approaches 3.1 times and 2.7 times respectively, and the pressure coefficients of culverts are respectively 1.56 and 1.26.