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目的通过对贵州省2004年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)监测及高发地区预防接种的实施,分析乙脑流行状况,并探讨控制策略。方法对疫情信息监测管理系统信息、个案调查资料、实验室结果进行分析;在4个乙脑高发地区,对≤10岁儿童接种乙脑疫苗并进行综合分析。结果2004年共报告乙脑1 230例,≤10岁病例占总病例数的86.59%(1 065/1 230)。男女性发病比例为1.58∶1;全年除1月外均有报告病例,主要集中7~9月;遵义市、毕节地区、黔东南苗族侗族自治州、黔西南布依族苗族自治州乙脑病例数占全省总病例数的65.85%(810/1 230)。有免疫史的占6.90%(26/377),无免疫史和免疫史不详的占93.10%(351/377)。实验室检测乙脑IgM抗体阳性率为74.90%(188/251),实验室诊断病例数占总病例数的15.28%。与2003年比较乙脑发病下降29.80%。结论建立并提高乙脑监测及实验室血清学诊断水平,实施乙脑疫苗预防接种为主的综合防治措施,尤其对高发地区的≤10岁儿童开展乙脑疫苗预防接种,进一步降低乙脑发病率。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and monitor its control strategy by monitoring the epidemic of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in 2004 in Guizhou Province and the vaccination in areas with high incidence. Methods The epidemic information monitoring and management system information, case investigation data and laboratory results were analyzed. In the four high incidence areas of JE, children ≤10 years old were vaccinated with JE vaccine and analyzed comprehensively. Results A total of 1 230 cases of JE were reported in 2004, accounting for 86.59% (1065/130) of the total number of cases ≤10 years of age. The incidence of males and females was 1.58: 1. All the cases except January were reported from July to September. In Zunyi City and Bijie Prefecture, Mian and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in southwestern Guizhou Province accounted for the number of Japanese encephalitis cases The province’s total number of cases 65.85% (810/1 230). There were 6.90% (26/377) cases with immunization history, 93.10% (351/377) cases without immunization history and unknown history of immunization. The positive rate of laboratory IgE detection was 74.90% (188/251), and the number of laboratory diagnostic cases was 15.28% of the total cases. Compared with 2003, the incidence of JE decreased by 29.80%. Conclusion The establishment and improvement of the monitoring of JE and laboratory serological diagnosis, the implementation of JE vaccine vaccination-based comprehensive prevention and treatment measures, especially in high incidence areas of children aged <10 vaccination against JE vaccine to further reduce the incidence of Japanese encephalitis .