【摘 要】
：
利用塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境综合观测试验站——塔中站2014年30 min步长实测数据,系统分析塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地表辐射和能量平衡特征及小气候特征.结果表明:塔中地区辐射平
【机 构】
：
新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830046中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830002;新疆气象台,新疆 乌鲁木齐,830002;
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利用塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境综合观测试验站——塔中站2014年30 min步长实测数据,系统分析塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地表辐射和能量平衡特征及小气候特征.结果表明:塔中地区辐射平衡和能量平衡各分量均表现为春、夏季较大,秋、冬季较小,并具有明显的日变化特征,峰值出现在12:00(地方时,下同)左右.该地区地表能量通量(净辐射通量、感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量)中,净辐射、感热通量和土壤热通量均在08:00开始上升,至14:00左右达到峰值,而潜热通量变化很小.感热通量为能量的主要消耗形式,春、夏、秋、冬四季分别占净辐射的百分比为44.6％、68.1％、55.2％和55.3％,其次为土壤热通量,仅有很少能量用于水的相变.云和沙尘对能量通量各分量有明显削弱作用.近地层空气温度白天随高度的增加降低,夜晚则随高度的增加升高,空气相对湿度也呈明显变化规律.近地层水平风速随高度增加明显增大,风向以东北风为主.
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