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鼠疫是由鼠疫耶尔森菌引起的烈性传染病,世界上曾发生三次大流行。19世纪至20世纪上半叶鼠疫在我国流行,20世纪下半叶世界鼠疫疫情一直处于平稳状态,九十年代后,中国的鼠疫疫情呈现上升趋势。鼠疫发源地主要分布于富钙、富铁地区,中国历史上鼠疫流行区包括21个省的638个县,主要分布在东北、华北、西北、青藏高原、东南沿海和滇南等地区,鼠疫发病的波动周期是7～11年。从上世纪90年代以来鼠疫上升的形势分析,我国目前的鼠疫监测能力明显不足,因此建立完善的鼠疫控制应急预案及鼠疫预警系统显得尤为重要。
Plague is a potent infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis. There have been three pandemics in the world. From the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, the epidemic of plague was prevalent in our country. In the second half of the 20th century, the world plague outbreak was in a steady state. After the 1990s, the plague outbreak in China showed an upward trend. The plague origins are mainly located in calcium-rich and iron-rich areas. The epidemic area of plague in Chinese history includes 638 counties in 21 provinces, mainly in the northeast, north China, northwest, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, southeastern coast and southern Yunnan. Plague incidence The fluctuation period is 7 ~ 11 years. From the analysis of the rise of plague in the 1990s, the current plague surveillance capability in our country is obviously insufficient. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish a complete emergency plan for plague control and early warning system for plague.