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目的了解甘肃省居民科学就医素养现状及影响因素,为开展有针对性的健康教育和健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法 2014年10—12月,采用多阶段概率与规模成比例(PPS)法随机抽取24个县区6 487名15~69岁居民,采用《中国居民健康素养调查问卷(2014版)》进行面对面调查。结果甘肃省居民科学就医素养水平为15.7%,科学就医素养相关问题总体答对率为51.8%;对“关于国家基本公共卫生服务的理解”和“全国统一的免费卫生热线电话号码”等问题的答对率较低,分别为32.0%(2 079/6 487)和9.5%(619/6 487);认为“只要进了医院病就会好转”、“治不好病就是医院的责任”的居民分别占到29.4%(1 910/6 487)、21.6%(1 399/6 487);认为“住院时间越长治疗效果越好”、“住院时间过短是医生不负责任的表现”的分别占23.2%(1 503/6 487)、10.5%(678/6 487);认为“一生病就应该去大医院”的占18.5%(1 202/6 487)。单因素分析显示不同地域、性别、民族、年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭收入、家庭人口数、慢病患病情况、自评健康状况和健康素养的居民科学就医素养差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示是否具备健康素养、家庭人口数、文化程度、职业以及家庭月收入是甘肃省居民科学就医素养的影响因素。结论甘肃省居民科学就医素养水平较低,应进一步加大健康教育和健康促进工作力度,提高居民健康素养水平,引导居民合理利用医疗卫生资源,建立和谐医患关系。
Objective To understand the present situation and influencing factors of scientific literacy of residents in Gansu Province and to provide scientific basis for carrying out targeted health education and health promotion. Methods From June to December 2014, 6,487 residents aged from 15 to 69 in 24 counties were randomly selected using the multi-stage probability-proportional scale (PPS) method. Face-to-face questionnaires were conducted using the “Chinese Residents’ Health Literacy Questionnaire (2014 Version) survey. Results The level of medical literacy in residents of Gansu Province was 15.7%, and the overall response rate of questions related to medical literacy was 51.8%. The ”Uniform Understanding of Basic Public Health Service“ and ”National Unified Health Hotline“ (2079/6 487) and 9.5% (619/6 487), respectively. They considered that ”as long as they get into the hospital, they will get better.“ Residents of the hospital account for 29.4% (1 910/6 487) and 21.6% (1 399/6 487), respectively. They think that ”the longer the hospital stay, the better the treatment,“ and the ”shorter hospital stay Accounting for 23.2% (1 503/6 487) and 10.5% (678/6 487) respectively, accounting for 18.5% (1 202%) of those who “should go to a large hospital once they became ill” / 6 487). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in scientific literacy of residents in different regions, gender, ethnicity, age, education level, occupation, family income, family size, chronic illness status, self-rated health status and health literacy <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that health literacy, family size, education level, occupation and family monthly income were the influential factors of scientific literacy of residents in Gansu Province. Conclusion Residents in Gansu Province have a relatively low level of medical literacy. Health education and health promotion efforts should be further intensified to improve their health literacy level and to guide residents to make rational use of medical and health resources so as to establish a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients.