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microRNA(miRNA)是进化保守的、非编码单链小RNA,长度约为18~25个核苷酸.作为基因表达的微观管理者,miRNA通过结合在mRNA的3’-UTR抑制翻译过程或使其降解.miRNA多态性是指一类能够干扰miRNA功能的新多态性或单核苷酸的多态性.这种多态性不仅出现在primiRNA、pre-miRNA和成熟的miRNA序列中;也可以出现在靶基因3’-UTR;还可以呈现在miRNA基因表观遗传学的改变.miRNA多态性可能导致疾病的产生,也可以判断临床用药疗效及预后监测.目前miRNA多态性正在作为疾病(尤其是肿瘤)生物学研究的强有力工具,而且已应用于疾病的诊断和预后.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, non-coding single-stranded small RNAs, approximately 18-25 nucleotides in length.As micro-managers of gene expression, miRNAs inhibit the translation process by binding to the 3’-UTR of mRNAs Its degradation.miRNA polymorphism refers to a new polymorphism or single nucleotide polymorphism that can interfere with miRNA function.This polymorphism not only in primiRNA, pre-miRNA and mature miRNA sequence; Can also appear in the target gene 3’-UTR; also can be presented in the miRNA gene epigenetic changes.miRNA polymorphism may lead to disease, can also determine the clinical efficacy of the drug and prognosis monitoring.At present miRNA polymorphism is As a powerful tool for the study of the biology of diseases, especially tumors, and has been used in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases.