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迄今为止,“文化”的概念内涵及其所指称的对象都并没有得到彻底的厘定。“文化”一词,从语源上来看,西文中的Culture,本意乃是耕种、养殖,进而引申为人的生产和创造活动,以及由此而形成的人类社会的一切文明的行为及其成果;在中国古代,“文化”最初的意义,则是“纹而化之”,是指通过人的活动、人的努力来对自然进行修饰和改造,使得自然对象的形质诸方面发生改变。《易传》中有所谓:“观乎天文,以察时变;观乎人文,以化成天下。”可见,中国古代的“文化”主要还是指相对于“天文”的“人文”。所以,无论中西,“文化”都是与“自然”相对应的,是属于人为的方面,特别是与人的创造活动分不开的,是人们对于对象世界的发现和改造的产物。因而,
So far, the connotation of “culture” and the objects it refers to have not been thoroughly determined. From the source point of view, “culture” refers to the culture and the intention in the Western culture as the cultivation and breeding of human beings and their extension to the production and creation of human beings and the consequent civilizations and achievements of all human beings. In ancient China, the original meaning of “culture” was “patternization”, which means that nature is modified and transformed through human activities and human efforts, so that the nature of the natural objects can be changed in all aspects. It is said in Yi Zhuan: “Astrology depends on astronomy, in order to observe the change of time and time; to observe the humanities so as to turn it into a world.” Therefore, the ancient “culture” in China refers mainly to “humanities” as opposed to “astronomy.” Therefore, regardless of the Chinese and Western cultures, “culture” corresponds to “nature” and belongs to the aspect of man-made, especially inseparable from the creative activities of man and is the result of people’s discovery and transformation of the world of objects. thus,