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人们用各种波长的无线电波向天空发射,发现了高层大气中的一些特性。这些特性使人们判定了在距离地面大约60公里以上的大气中,存在有好几层具有较密集的电离了的空气分子或原子的层次。这些电离层次,总称“电离圈”。它们能够反射或吸收无线电波,在无线电通讯上具有很重要的意义。现在已经探测出来的电离圈中各个电离层有:D层、E层、F_1层和F_2层。在F_2层的上面,根据探测,还可能有G层存在(图1)。
People use various wavelengths of radio waves to launch into the sky and discover some features in the upper atmosphere. These characteristics have led people to determine that there are several layers of more densely ionized air molecules or atoms in the atmosphere that is more than 60 kilometers above the ground. These ionization levels are collectively called “ionization cycles.” They are able to reflect or absorb radio waves and are of great significance in radio communications. The ionosphere now detected has various ionospheres: D layer, E layer, F_1 layer, and F_2 layer. Above the F_2 layer, depending on the detection, there may also be a G layer (Fig. 1).