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近来,生物工程学有着惊人的发展。它首先在医药领域上获得成功,接着又向食品工业、化学(包括农药等)工业以及农业领域深入。所谓生物工程学即是对生物技术的利用,其主要包括(1)基因工程(DNA 重组、细胞融合、核移植);(2)细胞培养(细胞、组织培养);(3)微生物和酶的利用(利用微生物发酵、生物反应器——固化酶、微生物)等。利用基因工程,将某种生物的基因移入其他生物中,由此组合成新的基因——即产生出具有新的特性的生物,据此就有可能以大肠杆菌来生产人胰岛素和改良固氮菌。利用细胞融合,将无细胞壁的异种细胞融为一体,由此形成具有新的基因组合的细胞,据此就可能生产单克隆抗体和改良
Recently, bioengineering has astonishing development. It first succeeded in the field of medicine, then further to the food industry, chemical (including pesticides, etc.) industry and agriculture in depth. The so-called bio-engineering is the use of biotechnology, which mainly includes (1) genetic engineering (DNA recombination, cell fusion, nuclear transfer); (2) cell culture (cells, tissue culture); Use (using microbial fermentation, bioreactor - curing enzyme, microorganisms) and so on. Using genetic engineering, the genes of one organism are moved into other organisms, thereby combining into new genes - that is, to produce organisms with new properties, from which it is possible to produce human insulin in E. coli and to improve nitrogen-fixing bacteria . By cell fusion, cell-free xenogeneic cells are fused together to form cells with new gene combinations, whereby it is possible to produce monoclonal antibodies and to improve