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秦俑坑是一个完整的地下土木结构建筑,从一定程度上反映了秦代的建筑技术水平。在当时的生产力状况下,建造如此大的俑坑决非易事。当时的工匠是如何设计和建造的呢?从三个兵马俑坑的遗迹可以推测其建筑方法:首先根据俑坑的形制、大小挖成土圹,沿土圹周边的内侧包镶夯土用以加固,土圹的底部用填土逐层夯筑作为地基,再在土圹的内部筑成一条条的夯土隔墙,在隔墙的两侧及夯土的四周密排木质立柱,立柱的下端有横置的枋木作为地拊。立柱的顶端承托着梁枋,从而构成井口式的木构立体框架。在此框架及夯土隔墙上搭盖密集的棚木。棚木上覆盖一层芦席或竹席。席上覆盖一层胶泥土,厚10—30厘米,再覆盖黄土逐层夯
Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is a complete underground structure of civil engineering, to a certain extent, reflects the level of construction technology in Qin Dynasty. Under such conditions of productivity at that time, it was no easy matter to build such a large pit of figurines. How were the artisans at that time designed and built? From the remains of the three Terracotta Warriors and Horses, one can speculate on how to build them: First, according to the shape and size of the figurines, they are cut into soil ridges, and rammed earth is encased around the inside of the ridges to reinforce , The bottom of the soil is filled with filling layer by layer ramming as a foundation, and then built in the soil inside a rammed earth partition wall, on both sides of the wall and rammed earth around the densely arranged wooden columns, the lower end of the column There are horizontal alder as ground 拊. The top of the column supports the girders and forms a wellhead wooden solid frame. In this framework and rammed earth wall covered with dense shed wood. Shed wood covered with a layer of reed or bamboo mat. I covered with a layer of clay soil, 10-30 cm thick, and then cover the loess by layer rammer