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目的了解导致开封市婴幼儿下呼吸道感染病原体的种类和发生率,为临床治疗提供依据。方法 2012年11月—2013年4月采用间接免疫荧光法检测下呼吸道感染婴幼儿静脉血中Ig M抗体,分析527例3岁以内婴幼儿所感染病原体种类。其中0~1岁组(婴儿组)共309例,1~3岁组(幼儿组)共218例,对两组感染类型、感染分布进行对比,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果肺炎支原体(mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)感染率为62.25%,是引起婴幼儿下呼吸道感染最主要的病原体。婴儿组MP、腺病毒(adeno virus,ADV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)、乙型流感病毒(influenza B virus,INFB)和副流感病毒(1,2,3型)(parainfluenza virus,PIVS)感染率(66.99%、11.00%、7.77%、9.71%、5.18%)均显著低于幼儿组(50.91%、15.60%、13.30%、24.31%、13.30%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组单一感染率和联合感染率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 MP是婴幼儿下呼吸道感染最主要的病原体,而且幼儿期比婴儿期感染的病原体种类更加复杂,幼儿期和婴儿期病原体联合感染率都超过50%。
Objective To understand the types and incidence of pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children in Kaifeng City, and to provide basis for clinical treatment. Methods From November 2012 to April 2013, indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect IgM antibodies in infants with lower respiratory tract infection, and 527 infants infected with infants and young children were analyzed. Among them, there were 309 cases in 0-1 year-old group (infants group) and 218 cases in 1-3 years old group (infant group). The infection type and infection distribution were compared between two groups. Counting data were analyzed by χ2 test. P <0.05 was the difference Statistical significance. Results The infection rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was 62.25%, which was the most important causative agent of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Infant group MP, adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza B virus (INFB) and parainfluenza virus, PIVS infection rates were significantly lower than those in young children (66.9%, 11.00%, 7.77%, 9.71% and 5.18%, respectively) Significance (all P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the single infection rate and the co-infection rate (all P> 0.05). Conclusion MP is the most important causative agent of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, and the pathogens in early childhood are more complicated than those in infancy. The co-infection rate of pathogens in early childhood and infancy is more than 50%.