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为制定急性呼吸道感染（ＡＲＩ）的健康教育方法、内容和教材提供科学依据，应用定性的专题人类学研究的方法在汉、回、藏、壮、侗等不同的民族地区收集母亲对儿童急性呼吸道感染的临床症状及体症的识别及当地术语，卫生资源的利用、就诊的行为和当地的文化习俗等进行急性呼吸道感染的健康教育研究。结果，非提示时，随着小儿年龄的增大，母亲对呼吸增快和呼吸困难的识别能力显著增强，宁夏回族母亲识别能力较好，汉族相对较差；患儿在就诊时，母亲主诉呼吸增快和／或呼吸困难占２７％；汉族母亲对肺炎症状和体症的认识程度以湖北最好，少数民族以宁夏回族最好；当小儿出现呼吸道症状后，母亲首先采取的措施是去村医生处就诊，其次是去医院；有过ＡＲＩ病史的患儿的母亲叙述在发现孩子生病的当天就去看病，而在卫生机构访谈的母亲中，只有广西、湖南的汉族母亲和广西的壮族母亲是这样做的。提示给母亲进行健康教育，提高她们对肺炎症状的识别能力很重要。
To provide scientific basis for formulating health education methods, contents and teaching materials for acute respiratory infection (ARI), and to use qualitative qualitative anthropological research methods to collect mother-child acute respiratory tract in different minority regions such as Han, Hui, Zang, Zhuang and Yi. Identification of the clinical symptoms and signs of infection, local terminology, health education research on the use of health resources, behaviors of visits, and local cultural practices such as acute respiratory infection. As a result, at the time of non-prompt, as the age of the child increased, the mother’s ability to recognize rapid breathing and dyspnea was significantly enhanced. Ningxia Hui mothers had better identification ability and the Hans were relatively poor; at the time of the visit, the mother complained of breathing. Acceleration and/or dyspnea accounted for 27%; Han mothers had the best understanding of pneumonia symptoms and physical symptoms in Hubei, and ethnic minorities were the best in Ningxia Hui; when the children had respiratory symptoms, the mother took the first step to go to the village. The doctor office went to the doctor, followed by the hospital; the mother of the child with a history of ARI narrated the doctor on the day the child was found to be ill. Among the mothers interviewed by the health department were only Han mothers from Guangxi, Hunan, and Zhuang mothers from Guangxi. This is done. It is important to give mothers health education and improve their ability to identify symptoms of pneumonia.