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白喉主要是儿童的急性传染病,由于广泛推行白喉类毒素的预防接种,白喉的发病率和病死率已显著下降,尤其是开展计划免疫工作以来,使儿童中的白喉发病得到了控制,以至有的地方已基本消灭了白喉的发生。 长春市自1977年开始对7岁以下儿童实行了计划免疫工作以后,几种应用生物制剂能控制的传染病部收到了满意的效果。发病率和病死率都大幅度下降,白喉的发病率已降到0.02/10万以下,甚至连续8～9年没有发病。然而从80年起,由于城市流动人口的增加,加之对重点人群的检疫工作松弛,在长春市某些地方陆续有白喉病例发生和局部流行。并且患者多见于青少年。由于发病年龄的推移,改变了以往白喉在儿童中多发的特点。对此不能不引起重视。 为了确切掌握白喉的流行动态,以及不同年龄组的人群中免疫状况,进而为采取相应的防疫措施提供依据,我们于1982年7月在长春市南关区,对不同年龄组人群的免疫水平进行了血清学调查,现将结果报告如下:
Diphtheria is mainly an acute infectious disease of children. Diphtheria incidence and mortality rates have dropped significantly due to the widespread introduction of diphtheria toxoid vaccination. In particular, since the planned immunization work, the incidence of diphtheria in children has been controlled as much as The place of diphtheria has been basically eliminated. Since Changchun City started the planned immunization work for children under 7 years of age in 1977, several infectious disease departments controlled by biological agents have received satisfactory results. Incidence and mortality have dropped significantly, the incidence of diphtheria has dropped to 0.02 / 100 000 or less, and even 8 to 9 consecutive years no incidence. However, since 1980, due to the increase of floating population in cities and the slackening of the quarantine work for key populations, some diphtheria cases and local epidemics have been reported in some areas of Changchun City. And patients are more common in adolescents. Due to the age of onset, changing the characteristics of diphtheria in children in the past. This can not but pay attention. In order to know exactly the prevalence of diphtheria and the immune status in different age groups, and to provide the basis for taking corresponding epidemic prevention measures, we conducted the immunization of different age groups in Nanchang District, Changchun City in July 1982. Serological survey, the results are reported as follows: