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目的 为我国车间空气中 1,1,1 三氯乙烷 (TCE)卫生标准的引进提供依据。方法 对成渝地区 4家使用TCE的企业进行现场劳动卫生学调查 ,采用气相色谱法测定车间空气中TCE浓度 ,采用现场问答的方式调查接触工人健康状况。结果 4家使用TCE的企业工人工作地点车间空气中TCE最高浓度不超过 6 0 6mg/m3 (清洗机器开机半小时且不抽风的情况下 ) ,其中以手工清洗的工作地点TCE的浓度最高 (6 0 6mg/m3 ) ,其次是蒸汽清洗 (35 4mg/m3 ) ,然后是超声清洗 (16 4mg/m3 ) ,蒸汽超声清洗的浓度最低 (78mg/m3 )。 6 9名接触工人中 ,职业接触工龄最短 1年 ,最长 15年 ,接触时间每人每天为 1～ 6h ,接触者多为青年工人 ,未发现职业接触TCE导致明显的临床疾病。直接接触工人 39人有部分临床症状和体征 ,主要表现为易怒、皮肤干燥、脱屑、易患丘疹 ,咽喉有刺激感 ,其中以手工操作清洗的工人出现症状和体征较多。结论 参照国外标准建议 ,TCE的MAC为 12 0 0mg/m3 ,TWA为 90 0mg/m3 。
Objective To provide the basis for the introduction of hygiene standards of 1,1,1 trichloroethane (TCE) in the air of workshop in our country. Methods Four enterprises using TCE in Chengdu-Chongqing region were investigated on-site labor hygiene. The concentration of TCE in the air of workshop was determined by gas chromatography. The health status of workers exposed to TCE was investigated by on-site question and answer method. Results The TCE concentrations in the workplace of the four workers using TCE at working place did not exceed 660 mg / m3 (when the machine was powered on for half an hour and without ventilation), the concentration of TCE was the highest in the work place cleaned by hand Followed by steam cleaning (35 4mg / m3), followed by ultrasonic cleaning (16 4mg / m3), the lowest concentration of steam ultrasonic cleaning (78mg / m3). Of the 6 9 exposed workers, the shortest one-year occupational occupational exposure was up to 15 years and the contact time was 1 to 6 hours per person per day. Most of the contacts were young workers, and no occupational exposure to TCE was found to cause obvious clinical problems. There are some clinical symptoms and signs of direct contact with workers 39 people, mainly manifested as irritability, dry skin, scaling, susceptible to pimples, throat irritation, including manual cleaning workers more symptoms and signs. Conclusion According to foreign standards, MAC of TCE is 120 mg / m3 and TWA is 90 0 mg / m3.