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目的探讨工作场所职业紧张的干预方法,评估工作环境与职业紧张管理训练(SMT)对改变紧张特征以及心理健康问题的效果。方法采用准实验设计方法,选取上海某企业和研究所作为干预现场。干预前、后分别进行基线调查和效果评估调查,调查内容包括社会人口特征因素、职业紧张认知、职业紧张状况评估、抑郁、焦虑、工作耗竭以及工作满意度、工作效能感、血压以及肌肉骨骼症状等。干预方法为环境组织改变和SMT的认知行为训练和放松技术训练,采取每次90 min,共3次的培训课程。结果 SMT干预可改善工作要求、工作控制、同事支持,提高职业紧张认知水平、工作满意度和自我效能感,改善焦虑、躯体化症状评分。而环境组织改变结合SMT干预除能取得SMT干预效果之外,还改善工作回报、领导支持和内在驱动,改善工作耗竭症状评分。观察期内2种干预方法均未发现对血压和肌肉骨骼症状产生影响。结论 SMT对提高工作紧张相关应对知识、改善职业紧张特征和心理症状有一定效果,结合工作环境改变的干预效果更为明显。
Objective To explore occupational stress interventions in the workplace and assess the effects of workplace and occupational stress management training (SMT) on changing stressful characteristics and mental health problems. Methods The quasi-experimental design method was adopted to select a Shanghai-based enterprise and research institute as the intervention site. Before and after the intervention, baseline surveys and performance evaluation surveys were conducted. The surveys included social demographic factors, occupational stress awareness, occupational stress assessment, depression, anxiety, job burnout, job satisfaction, work efficiency, blood pressure and musculoskeletal Symptoms and so on. Intervention methods for environmental organizations change and SMT cognitive behavioral training and relaxation technical training, take 90 min each time, a total of 3 training courses. Results SMT intervention can improve job requirements, job control, colleague support, improve occupational stress awareness, job satisfaction and self-efficacy, and improve anxiety and somatization symptom scores. The environmental organizations combined with the SMT intervention in addition to change can achieve the effect of SMT intervention, but also improve job returns, leadership support and internal drive to improve the work-out symptoms score. During the observation period, two kinds of intervention methods did not find any impact on blood pressure and musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusion SMT to improve work stress related coping knowledge, to improve occupational stress characteristics and psychological symptoms have some effect, combined with changes in the work environment is more obvious effect of intervention.