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为探讨稻草还田配施腐解菌剂对水稻土壤微生物的影响,通过田间设置稻草还田(CK)和稻草还田配施腐解菌剂(SM)试验,结合常规的分析手段和基于16Sr DNA的末端限制性片段长度多态(TRFLP)技术研究了复合腐解菌剂促腐稻草全量还田后水稻产量、土壤矿质成分及土壤微生物多样性的变化。结果表明,与CK相比,SM的土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量和水稻产量分别提高了15.0%、31.0%、98.0%和5.9%;细菌、放线菌和真菌数量分别增加了14.66倍、1.50倍、2.78倍;亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、好气性纤维素分解菌、无机磷细菌、有机磷细菌、铁细菌和硅酸盐细菌数量分别提高了119.8%、55.6%、51.9%、40.5%、107.4%、70.8%、145.2%、140.1%、70.0%。T-RFLP分析表明,在SM中,与碳、硫循环相关的微生物、抗致病菌、有益菌数量增加,病原菌数量减少,群落结构变化显著。综上,在稻草全量还田机插栽培条件下,与单一稻草还田相比,添加促腐菌剂能更有效提高土壤矿质养分和改善土壤微生物群落的功能多样性,从而增加水稻产量。本研究结果为合理利用稻草还田提供了科学依据。
In order to investigate the effect of rice straw returning to the field with decomposing bacteria and bacteriocides on rice soil microbes, the rice straw returning to field (CK) and straw returning to field with decomposing fungicides (SM) were set up, and the common analytical methods and 16Sr The restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) of DNA was used to study the changes of rice yield, soil mineral components and soil microbial diversity after the composite decay bacterium was used to promote rotting rice straw. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and rice yield increased by 15.0%, 31.0%, 98.0% and 5.9%, respectively. The numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi increased by 14.66 times , 1.50-fold and 2.78-fold respectively. The numbers of nitrosated bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, aerobic Azotobacter, aerobic cellulolytic bacteria, inorganic phosphorus bacteria, organic phosphorus bacteria, iron bacteria and silicate bacteria increased respectively 119.8%, 55.6%, 51.9%, 40.5%, 107.4%, 70.8%, 145.2%, 140.1%, 70.0%. T-RFLP analysis showed that the number of microorganisms, anti-pathogenic bacteria, beneficial bacteria increased, the number of pathogenic bacteria decreased and the community structure changed significantly in SM. In conclusion, under the conditions of rice straw returning with full straw returning, compared with single straw returning, the addition of anthozoa could increase soil mineral nutrients and improve the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, thus increasing the yield of rice. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the rational use of rice straw.