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Abstract [Objectives] This study was conducted to discuss the possibility of applying microbial fertilizer to production of facility tomato， so as to determine rational application rate for facility tomato. [Methods] A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the application of microbial fertilizer onto acidic soil on yield， quality and soil chemical properties of facility tomato. [Results] Yield of facility tomato was improved after the application of microbial fertilizer. Treatment ABA-2 showed the highest yield， which was higher than the CK by 7.98%. On the basis of conventional fertilization， the combined application with microbial fertilizer could promote growth and development of tomato， and could significantly improve fruit weight， and Vc， soluble solid and lycopene contents. Furthermore， the microbial fertilizer could remarkably improve soil pH， alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen， available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium contents. [Conclusions] The application of microbial fertilizer at 80 kg/667m2 has better effects on tomato growth and development and soil status.
Key words Microbial fertilizer； Facility tomato； Growth characteristics； Soil chemical properties
Facility cultivation of vegetables in China could prolong the growth cycle of vegetables due to efficient utilization of environmental factors including nutrients， water， illumination and temperature， thereby improving vegetable yield[1]. As one of the main crops of facility cultivation in China， tomato needs larger quantities of water and mineral nutrients， so farmers always apply fertilizer at an increased rate to realize high yield[2-3]. The excessive application of chemical fertilizer not only causes wasting of resource， but also triggers a series of environmental problems. For instance， excessive application of chemical fertilizer causes nutrient enrichment in soil surface layer， succession cropping obstacle problems such as soil salinization， acidification， and soil-borne diseases are severe， resulting in decrease of yield， reduction of quality and reduction of output， which seriously threaten sustainable development of modern agriculture and environmental protection. Microbial fertilizer is a kind of artificial viable organism preparation， which could propagate in soil， and form dominant bacterial communities beneficial to plant， which could produce active substances， which could improve soil microecological balance[4-5]， enhance absorption of nutrients and promote plant growth[5-7]， thereby improving yield and quality[8]. At present， microbial fertilizer is widely used in China， and its application area accounts for about 5.6% of the agricultural acreage in China. It is important to recognize that according to crop species， soil condition and climate condition， the selection of suitable microbial fertilizer with stable application effect is of great significance to the improvement of quality of vegetable products， which is also a problem urgent to be solved in the field of microbial fertilizer in China. In this study， on the basis of combined application of microbial fertilizer and ordinary fertilizer， the effects of microbial fertilizer on tomato yield and quality and soil nutrient status were investigated， with an attempt to achieve the target of improving yield and quality of vegetables by controlling pollution of agro-products from the source， improving fertilizer using efficiency， and improving the diversity of soil microorganism of facility cultivation. This study also would provide a technical basis for efficient rational application of microbial fertilizer. Materials and Methods
Experimental location and materials
This experiment was carried out in the facility vegetable greenhouse of Fangyuan Street， Haiyang City， with an area of 540 m2， and the previous crop was pepper. The soil is brown soil， which is flat with uniform soil fertility. The irrigation condition is good. Before the experiment， soil was sampled and determined to have a pH value of 5.85 and EC value of 292.5， and contain organic matter 9.95 mg/kg， alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen 143.4 mg/kg， rapidly available phosphorus 68.7 mg/kg and available potassium 156.4 mg/kg. The tested microbial fertilizer was provided by Shandong Pufang Biotechnology Co.， Ltd， and the product is liquid， the technical index of which is living bacteria count≥2.0×108/L. The tested crop variety was ‘Qidali’.
Experimental design and management
The experiment adopted randomized block arrangement. There were 4 treatments， each had 3 replications （Table 1）， and there were 12 plots in total， each of which had an area of 39 m2. The four treatments were as follows： ① conventional fertilization treatment （CK）： applying fully fermented chicken manure at a rate of 2 m3/667m2 and compound fertilizer at a rate of （N+P2O5+K2O≥45%） 300 kg/667m2， and topdressing high-nitrogen type compound fertilizer at a rate of 15 kg/667m2 from the first crop to one month before the end of harvest； ② microbial fertilizer and conventional fertilization treatment （ABA-1）： on the basis of conventional fertilization， applying microbial fertilizer at a rate of 40 kg/667m2； ③ Microbial fertilizer and conventional fertilization treatment （ABA-2）： on the basis of conventional fertilization， applying microbial fertilizer at a rate of 80 kg/667m2； and ④ on the basis of conventional fertilization， applying microbial fertilizer at a rate of 120 kg/667m2. In treatments 2-4， Microbial fertilizer was applied by spraying onto leaf surface. Except the application rate of microbial fertilizer， the base fertilizer， topdressing， irrigation and other field management measures were all the same.
Raising of seedlings was started from seeding on July 20， 2016， field planting was performed on August 15， and harvest was started from October 30， and finished on January 19， 2017. Ridge cultivation was adopted according to ridge width of 100 cm and ridge spacing of 35 cm， and the plant spacing and row spacing were 35 and 70 cm， respectively. The planting density was 36 000 plants/hm2. Topdressing was performed once every 10 d from one month after the expansion of fruit of the first cluster according to weather condition. In the whole growth period， irrigation was performed for 8 times， and each time， 20-30 mm of water was applied. The irrigation amount was kept the same for each treatment. Items and methods of determination
Soil samples were obtained before the experiment and after the harvest of fruit， respectively， for the determination of soil chemical properties[9]. Each soil sample was collected according to the principle of randomly mixing the soil from multiple sites. The soil samples were taken back to lab and air-dried naturally for analysis. From each plot， 20 fixed plants in the middle of the plot with uniform growth vigor were selected for yield determination， and at full productive age， tomato fruit in the yield determination area was weighed separately for yield calculation. Fruit nitrate content， Vc， soluble solid， titratable acid and lycopene were determined by salicylic acid method[10]， 2，6-dichlorphenolindophenol titration[10]， hand-held refractometer， acid-base neutralization titration[11] and ultraviolet spectrophotometry[12]， respectively.
Data statistics and analysis
Data processing was performed in Microsoft Excel 2007. Statistical analysis was performed in SAS 8.2， and significance analysis was performed by Duncan method.
Results and Analysis
Effect on yield of facility tomato
Microbial fertilizer had certain growth promoting effect on tomato. It could significantly improve fruit weight and tomato yield （Table 1）. Specifically， the average yield of the CK was 3 772.8 kg/667m2， and the three different application rates of the microbial fertilizer improved tomato yield by 2.49%-7.98% compared with the CK. Among them， treatment ABA-2 had the best yield increasing effect， and its yield reached 4 073.8 kg/667m2， which was higher than the CK by 7.98%， reaching the significant level； and treatments ABA-1 and ABA-3 were not significantly different from the CK. Meanwhile， under treatment ABA-2， the weight of individual fruit was also significantly different from the CK， 7.62% higher than the CK.
Effect on nutritional quality of facility tomato
Vc， sugar-acid ratio and soluble sugar content are important indexes reflecting good tomato quality. Combined application of microbial fertilizer and ordinary fertilizer could significantly promote growth of tomato， and improve nutritional quality and flavor of tomato fruit. It could be seen from Table 2 that the treatments applying microbial fertilizer at different rates showed Vc， soluble solid and lycopene contents significantly higher than the CK， while the contents of titratable acid and nitrate were significantly lower than the CK. Comprehensively from the nutritional indexes of various treatments， ABA-2 was the best， which had the Vc， soluble solid and lycopene contents， respectively， of 316.4 mg/kg， 5.3 % and 20.1 μg/g， which were higher than those of the CK by 11.7%， 12.8% and 9.2%， respectively while its titratable acid and nitrate contents were lower than the CK by 27.4% and 20.4%， respectively. Effect on soil nutrient condition of facility tomato
The application of microbial fertilizer on facility tomato could change some chemical properties of soil （Table 3）. Compared with the CK， the pH values of treatments ABA-1 and ABA-3 decreased by 0.01 and 0.02 unit， respectively， without significant differences from the CK， but the differences from treatment ABA-2 reached the significant level， and the pH of treatment ABA-2 was higher than that of the CK by 0.2 unit. There were no significant differences in soil electric conductivity and organic matter between various treatments. However， treatment ABA-2 was higher than the CK and other treatments in soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium， with significant differences from the CK， and the values were higher than the CK by 21.3%， 38.7% and 9.2%， respectively.
Peiping ZHANG et al. Effects of microbial fertilizer on growth characteristics of facility tomato and chemical properties of acidic soil
Conclusions and Discussion
Microbial fertilizer is a kind of viable organism product， in which the microorganisms could degrade humus difficult to be degraded， promote the formation of soil granular structure， and improve soil water-retaining property， nutrient preserving capability and air permeability. The application of microbial fertilizer is equivalent to the supplement of organic natter to soil， which could improve soil fertility and soil nutrient condition[13-14]. In this study， the results showed that the application of microbial fertilizer on facility tomato could improve chemical properties of soil， and could significantly improve soil pH， thereby improving soil. The rapidly available fertility of soil was greatly affected， and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen， available phosphorous and rapidly available potassium were significantly improved， which accords with previous studies[15-17]. However， soil organic matter was not affected， which was due to that soil organic matter was mainly from the bottom application of chicken manure， fibres of tomato and microbial fertilizer in the experiment， while the base fertilizer was the same for all the treatments， the selected tomato seedlings were also uniform in size， therefore， soil organic matter mainly depended on the application rate of microbial fertilizer onto leaf surface， and seeing that this experiment was only performed for one year， the bacterial fertilizer did not affect soil organic matter remarkably. The specific reason still needs further study. Because various microorganisms in microbial fertilizer could produce in the growth and propagation process， many metabolites beneficial to plant including amino acids， auxin， gibberellin and heteroauxin， which could enhance growth vigor of plant， improve crop yield， and improve fruit quality[18-19]. The results of this study showed that the combined application of microbial fertilizer and other fertilizers could significantly improve root vitality of tomato and activity of nitrate reductase， and had especially significant effects of improving lycopene content and reducing nitrate content in tomato fruit. This is also accordant with previous studies[20-21].
Microbial fertilizer was applied at three different rates and compared with conventional fertilizer， and a suitable application concentration was comprehensively evaluated and screened. Under the suitable application concentration， not only yield was improved by 7.98%， but also nutritional quality of fruit was improved， contents of Vc， soluble sugar and lycopene were improved by 11.7%， 12.8% and 9.2%， respectively， and the contents of titratable acid and nitrate were reduced by 27.4% and 20.4%， respectively. Meanwhile， microbial fertilizer could improve soil acidity to a certain degree， soil pH was improved by 0.2 unit， and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium contents were improved by 21.3%， 38.7% and 9.2%， respectively. Therefore， under the conditions similar to this study， the application of microbial fertilizer at 80 kg/667m2 could achieve the best effect.
References
[1] ZHANG F， LI S， XIAO D， et al. Progress in pest management by natural enemies in greenhouse vegetables in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica， 2015， 48（17）： 3463-3476.
[2] MIN J， ZHAO X，SHI WM， et al. Nitrogen balance and loss in a greenhouse vegetable system in Southeastern China[J]. Pedosphere， 2011， 21（4）： 464-472.
[3] HE FF， JIANG RF， CHEN Q， et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern Chin[J]. Environmental Pollution， 2009， 15（5）： 1666-1672.
[4] HOU LM， MENG RQ， MIE LC， et al. Effects of different microbial agents on substrate enzyme activities and tomato yield and quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2016， 8： 2520-2526.
[5] LEI XD， LI JW， XU XL， et al. Effect of microbial inoculants on spinach growth characteristics and soil microbial diversity[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture， 2012， 4： 488-494. [6] CAO EH， HOU XW， LI GY， et al. Effect of combination bacteria on soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial activity by pot tomato experiments[J]. Ecology and Environment， 2011， 5： 875-880.
[7] ZHANG Y， SUN J， GUO SR. Effects of different microbial agents on growth and wilt disease resistance of cucumber seedlings in substrates[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica， 2013， 4： 780-786.
[8] ZHAO Z， YANG YJ， LI D， et al. Effects of microbe bacterial manures on growth， development， yield and quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse[J]. China Vegetables， 2012， 18：149-153.
[9] LU RK. Analysis method of soil agricultural chemistry[M]. Beijing： China AgricultureScience and Technique Press， 1999.
[10] LI HS. Experimental principle and technique for plant physiology and biochemistry[M]. Beijing： Higher Education Press， 2000.
[11] ZHAO SJ， LIU HS， DONG XC. Experimental guide for plant physiology[M]. Beijing： China Agricultural Science and Technology Press， 1998.
[12] ZHANG LF， DING XL. Establishment of a new lycopene determination method[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries， 2001， 27（3）： 51-55.
[13] XU JM. Effect of biological bacterial fertilizer on the phosphorus， organic matter and microorganism in the reclamation soil in Mining area[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences， 2011， 39（3）： 250-252.
[14] ZHU JY. Study on application effects of microbial fertilizer on facility cucumber and tomato[D]. Tai’an： Shandong Agricultural University， 2014.
[15] ZHANG H， ZHENG YS， ZHANG X， et al. Effects of different organic fertilizers on tomato yield and main soil nutrient contents in newly-constructed facility[J]. Science and Technology of Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry， 2014， 8（4）： 8-9， 16.
[16] SHI SQ， ZHAO Y， HE ZG， et al. Effects of combined application of biological organic fertilizer on soil nutrient migration and yield of potato[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2016，6：154-157.
[17] SUN J， TIAN YQ， GAO LH， et al. Effects of straw biological reactor and microbial agents on physiochemical properties and microbial diversity of tomato soil in solar greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering， 2014， 6： 153-164.
[18] sun qs. Effect and safe application of microbial fertilizer[J]. Mod Agric Sci Technol， 2009（20）： 299.
[19] GAO BY. Action characteristics and application prospect analysis of microbial fertilizer[J]. Science and Technology of Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry， 2000（1）： 27-28.
[20] XU LG. Effects of biological organic fertilizer on tomato growth and development and yield and quality[D]. Tai’an： Shandong Agricultural University， 2006.
[21] BI JJ， GUO XF， GUO JD. Effects of microbial fertilizer on photosynthetic efficiency， yield and quality of tomato[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences， 2012， 7： 61-62， 66.
Key words Microbial fertilizer； Facility tomato； Growth characteristics； Soil chemical properties
Facility cultivation of vegetables in China could prolong the growth cycle of vegetables due to efficient utilization of environmental factors including nutrients， water， illumination and temperature， thereby improving vegetable yield[1]. As one of the main crops of facility cultivation in China， tomato needs larger quantities of water and mineral nutrients， so farmers always apply fertilizer at an increased rate to realize high yield[2-3]. The excessive application of chemical fertilizer not only causes wasting of resource， but also triggers a series of environmental problems. For instance， excessive application of chemical fertilizer causes nutrient enrichment in soil surface layer， succession cropping obstacle problems such as soil salinization， acidification， and soil-borne diseases are severe， resulting in decrease of yield， reduction of quality and reduction of output， which seriously threaten sustainable development of modern agriculture and environmental protection. Microbial fertilizer is a kind of artificial viable organism preparation， which could propagate in soil， and form dominant bacterial communities beneficial to plant， which could produce active substances， which could improve soil microecological balance[4-5]， enhance absorption of nutrients and promote plant growth[5-7]， thereby improving yield and quality[8]. At present， microbial fertilizer is widely used in China， and its application area accounts for about 5.6% of the agricultural acreage in China. It is important to recognize that according to crop species， soil condition and climate condition， the selection of suitable microbial fertilizer with stable application effect is of great significance to the improvement of quality of vegetable products， which is also a problem urgent to be solved in the field of microbial fertilizer in China. In this study， on the basis of combined application of microbial fertilizer and ordinary fertilizer， the effects of microbial fertilizer on tomato yield and quality and soil nutrient status were investigated， with an attempt to achieve the target of improving yield and quality of vegetables by controlling pollution of agro-products from the source， improving fertilizer using efficiency， and improving the diversity of soil microorganism of facility cultivation. This study also would provide a technical basis for efficient rational application of microbial fertilizer. Materials and Methods
Experimental location and materials
This experiment was carried out in the facility vegetable greenhouse of Fangyuan Street， Haiyang City， with an area of 540 m2， and the previous crop was pepper. The soil is brown soil， which is flat with uniform soil fertility. The irrigation condition is good. Before the experiment， soil was sampled and determined to have a pH value of 5.85 and EC value of 292.5， and contain organic matter 9.95 mg/kg， alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen 143.4 mg/kg， rapidly available phosphorus 68.7 mg/kg and available potassium 156.4 mg/kg. The tested microbial fertilizer was provided by Shandong Pufang Biotechnology Co.， Ltd， and the product is liquid， the technical index of which is living bacteria count≥2.0×108/L. The tested crop variety was ‘Qidali’.
Experimental design and management
The experiment adopted randomized block arrangement. There were 4 treatments， each had 3 replications （Table 1）， and there were 12 plots in total， each of which had an area of 39 m2. The four treatments were as follows： ① conventional fertilization treatment （CK）： applying fully fermented chicken manure at a rate of 2 m3/667m2 and compound fertilizer at a rate of （N+P2O5+K2O≥45%） 300 kg/667m2， and topdressing high-nitrogen type compound fertilizer at a rate of 15 kg/667m2 from the first crop to one month before the end of harvest； ② microbial fertilizer and conventional fertilization treatment （ABA-1）： on the basis of conventional fertilization， applying microbial fertilizer at a rate of 40 kg/667m2； ③ Microbial fertilizer and conventional fertilization treatment （ABA-2）： on the basis of conventional fertilization， applying microbial fertilizer at a rate of 80 kg/667m2； and ④ on the basis of conventional fertilization， applying microbial fertilizer at a rate of 120 kg/667m2. In treatments 2-4， Microbial fertilizer was applied by spraying onto leaf surface. Except the application rate of microbial fertilizer， the base fertilizer， topdressing， irrigation and other field management measures were all the same.
Raising of seedlings was started from seeding on July 20， 2016， field planting was performed on August 15， and harvest was started from October 30， and finished on January 19， 2017. Ridge cultivation was adopted according to ridge width of 100 cm and ridge spacing of 35 cm， and the plant spacing and row spacing were 35 and 70 cm， respectively. The planting density was 36 000 plants/hm2. Topdressing was performed once every 10 d from one month after the expansion of fruit of the first cluster according to weather condition. In the whole growth period， irrigation was performed for 8 times， and each time， 20-30 mm of water was applied. The irrigation amount was kept the same for each treatment. Items and methods of determination
Soil samples were obtained before the experiment and after the harvest of fruit， respectively， for the determination of soil chemical properties[9]. Each soil sample was collected according to the principle of randomly mixing the soil from multiple sites. The soil samples were taken back to lab and air-dried naturally for analysis. From each plot， 20 fixed plants in the middle of the plot with uniform growth vigor were selected for yield determination， and at full productive age， tomato fruit in the yield determination area was weighed separately for yield calculation. Fruit nitrate content， Vc， soluble solid， titratable acid and lycopene were determined by salicylic acid method[10]， 2，6-dichlorphenolindophenol titration[10]， hand-held refractometer， acid-base neutralization titration[11] and ultraviolet spectrophotometry[12]， respectively.
Data statistics and analysis
Data processing was performed in Microsoft Excel 2007. Statistical analysis was performed in SAS 8.2， and significance analysis was performed by Duncan method.
Results and Analysis
Effect on yield of facility tomato
Microbial fertilizer had certain growth promoting effect on tomato. It could significantly improve fruit weight and tomato yield （Table 1）. Specifically， the average yield of the CK was 3 772.8 kg/667m2， and the three different application rates of the microbial fertilizer improved tomato yield by 2.49%-7.98% compared with the CK. Among them， treatment ABA-2 had the best yield increasing effect， and its yield reached 4 073.8 kg/667m2， which was higher than the CK by 7.98%， reaching the significant level； and treatments ABA-1 and ABA-3 were not significantly different from the CK. Meanwhile， under treatment ABA-2， the weight of individual fruit was also significantly different from the CK， 7.62% higher than the CK.
Effect on nutritional quality of facility tomato
Vc， sugar-acid ratio and soluble sugar content are important indexes reflecting good tomato quality. Combined application of microbial fertilizer and ordinary fertilizer could significantly promote growth of tomato， and improve nutritional quality and flavor of tomato fruit. It could be seen from Table 2 that the treatments applying microbial fertilizer at different rates showed Vc， soluble solid and lycopene contents significantly higher than the CK， while the contents of titratable acid and nitrate were significantly lower than the CK. Comprehensively from the nutritional indexes of various treatments， ABA-2 was the best， which had the Vc， soluble solid and lycopene contents， respectively， of 316.4 mg/kg， 5.3 % and 20.1 μg/g， which were higher than those of the CK by 11.7%， 12.8% and 9.2%， respectively while its titratable acid and nitrate contents were lower than the CK by 27.4% and 20.4%， respectively. Effect on soil nutrient condition of facility tomato
The application of microbial fertilizer on facility tomato could change some chemical properties of soil （Table 3）. Compared with the CK， the pH values of treatments ABA-1 and ABA-3 decreased by 0.01 and 0.02 unit， respectively， without significant differences from the CK， but the differences from treatment ABA-2 reached the significant level， and the pH of treatment ABA-2 was higher than that of the CK by 0.2 unit. There were no significant differences in soil electric conductivity and organic matter between various treatments. However， treatment ABA-2 was higher than the CK and other treatments in soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium， with significant differences from the CK， and the values were higher than the CK by 21.3%， 38.7% and 9.2%， respectively.
Peiping ZHANG et al. Effects of microbial fertilizer on growth characteristics of facility tomato and chemical properties of acidic soil
Conclusions and Discussion
Microbial fertilizer is a kind of viable organism product， in which the microorganisms could degrade humus difficult to be degraded， promote the formation of soil granular structure， and improve soil water-retaining property， nutrient preserving capability and air permeability. The application of microbial fertilizer is equivalent to the supplement of organic natter to soil， which could improve soil fertility and soil nutrient condition[13-14]. In this study， the results showed that the application of microbial fertilizer on facility tomato could improve chemical properties of soil， and could significantly improve soil pH， thereby improving soil. The rapidly available fertility of soil was greatly affected， and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen， available phosphorous and rapidly available potassium were significantly improved， which accords with previous studies[15-17]. However， soil organic matter was not affected， which was due to that soil organic matter was mainly from the bottom application of chicken manure， fibres of tomato and microbial fertilizer in the experiment， while the base fertilizer was the same for all the treatments， the selected tomato seedlings were also uniform in size， therefore， soil organic matter mainly depended on the application rate of microbial fertilizer onto leaf surface， and seeing that this experiment was only performed for one year， the bacterial fertilizer did not affect soil organic matter remarkably. The specific reason still needs further study. Because various microorganisms in microbial fertilizer could produce in the growth and propagation process， many metabolites beneficial to plant including amino acids， auxin， gibberellin and heteroauxin， which could enhance growth vigor of plant， improve crop yield， and improve fruit quality[18-19]. The results of this study showed that the combined application of microbial fertilizer and other fertilizers could significantly improve root vitality of tomato and activity of nitrate reductase， and had especially significant effects of improving lycopene content and reducing nitrate content in tomato fruit. This is also accordant with previous studies[20-21].
Microbial fertilizer was applied at three different rates and compared with conventional fertilizer， and a suitable application concentration was comprehensively evaluated and screened. Under the suitable application concentration， not only yield was improved by 7.98%， but also nutritional quality of fruit was improved， contents of Vc， soluble sugar and lycopene were improved by 11.7%， 12.8% and 9.2%， respectively， and the contents of titratable acid and nitrate were reduced by 27.4% and 20.4%， respectively. Meanwhile， microbial fertilizer could improve soil acidity to a certain degree， soil pH was improved by 0.2 unit， and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium contents were improved by 21.3%， 38.7% and 9.2%， respectively. Therefore， under the conditions similar to this study， the application of microbial fertilizer at 80 kg/667m2 could achieve the best effect.
References
[1] ZHANG F， LI S， XIAO D， et al. Progress in pest management by natural enemies in greenhouse vegetables in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica， 2015， 48（17）： 3463-3476.
[2] MIN J， ZHAO X，SHI WM， et al. Nitrogen balance and loss in a greenhouse vegetable system in Southeastern China[J]. Pedosphere， 2011， 21（4）： 464-472.
[3] HE FF， JIANG RF， CHEN Q， et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively managed greenhouse vegetable cropping system in Northern Chin[J]. Environmental Pollution， 2009， 15（5）： 1666-1672.
[4] HOU LM， MENG RQ， MIE LC， et al. Effects of different microbial agents on substrate enzyme activities and tomato yield and quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2016， 8： 2520-2526.
[5] LEI XD， LI JW， XU XL， et al. Effect of microbial inoculants on spinach growth characteristics and soil microbial diversity[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture， 2012， 4： 488-494. [6] CAO EH， HOU XW， LI GY， et al. Effect of combination bacteria on soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial activity by pot tomato experiments[J]. Ecology and Environment， 2011， 5： 875-880.
[7] ZHANG Y， SUN J， GUO SR. Effects of different microbial agents on growth and wilt disease resistance of cucumber seedlings in substrates[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica， 2013， 4： 780-786.
[8] ZHAO Z， YANG YJ， LI D， et al. Effects of microbe bacterial manures on growth， development， yield and quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse[J]. China Vegetables， 2012， 18：149-153.
[9] LU RK. Analysis method of soil agricultural chemistry[M]. Beijing： China AgricultureScience and Technique Press， 1999.
[10] LI HS. Experimental principle and technique for plant physiology and biochemistry[M]. Beijing： Higher Education Press， 2000.
[11] ZHAO SJ， LIU HS， DONG XC. Experimental guide for plant physiology[M]. Beijing： China Agricultural Science and Technology Press， 1998.
[12] ZHANG LF， DING XL. Establishment of a new lycopene determination method[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries， 2001， 27（3）： 51-55.
[13] XU JM. Effect of biological bacterial fertilizer on the phosphorus， organic matter and microorganism in the reclamation soil in Mining area[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences， 2011， 39（3）： 250-252.
[14] ZHU JY. Study on application effects of microbial fertilizer on facility cucumber and tomato[D]. Tai’an： Shandong Agricultural University， 2014.
[15] ZHANG H， ZHENG YS， ZHANG X， et al. Effects of different organic fertilizers on tomato yield and main soil nutrient contents in newly-constructed facility[J]. Science and Technology of Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry， 2014， 8（4）： 8-9， 16.
[16] SHI SQ， ZHAO Y， HE ZG， et al. Effects of combined application of biological organic fertilizer on soil nutrient migration and yield of potato[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2016，6：154-157.
[17] SUN J， TIAN YQ， GAO LH， et al. Effects of straw biological reactor and microbial agents on physiochemical properties and microbial diversity of tomato soil in solar greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering， 2014， 6： 153-164.
[18] sun qs. Effect and safe application of microbial fertilizer[J]. Mod Agric Sci Technol， 2009（20）： 299.
[19] GAO BY. Action characteristics and application prospect analysis of microbial fertilizer[J]. Science and Technology of Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry， 2000（1）： 27-28.
[20] XU LG. Effects of biological organic fertilizer on tomato growth and development and yield and quality[D]. Tai’an： Shandong Agricultural University， 2006.
[21] BI JJ， GUO XF， GUO JD. Effects of microbial fertilizer on photosynthetic efficiency， yield and quality of tomato[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences， 2012， 7： 61-62， 66.