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目的:了解枣庄市麻疹、风疹病例血清流行病学特征,进一步探讨麻疹发病原因。方法:对枣庄市2003~2007年麻疹疑似病例采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)捕获法同时检测麻疹、风疹IgM抗体。结果:共采集检测麻疹疑似病例血清标本762份,麻疹、风疹IgM抗体阳性率分别为58.01%(442/762)和10.50%(80/762),两者阴性率均为31.23%(238/762)。时间分布上:2003年、2004年以风疹发病为主,2005年、2007年以麻疹发病为主。结论:2003~2007年五年间枣庄市发生麻疹流行,局部地区出现暴发。麻疹发病主要原因是未接种麻疹疫苗(MV)和接种后原发性免疫失败。提示枣庄市免疫规划预防接种工作开展不平衡,应对计划免疫薄弱地区及重点人群加强麻疹疫苗的免疫预防接种工作。提高合格血清标本采集率和开展风疹病毒血清学鉴别诊断是提高麻疹实验室检测的手段之一。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles and rubella in Zaozhuang and to explore the causes of measles. Methods: Measles and Rubella IgM antibodies were simultaneously detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) capture method in suspected cases of measles from 2003 to 2007 in Zaozhuang City. Results: A total of 762 serum samples were collected from suspected cases of measles. The positive rates of measles and rubella IgM were 58.01% (442/762) and 10.50% (80/762), respectively. The negative rates of both were 31.23% (238/762) ). Time distribution: 2003, 2004, the main incidence of rubella, 2005, 2007, the main measles. Conclusion: Measles epidemic occurred in Zaozhuang City from 2003 to 2007, with outbreaks in some areas. The main causes of measles were unvaccinated measles vaccine (MV) and failed primary immunization after vaccination. It suggested that unbalanced immunization vaccination work in Zaozhuang City should be carried out to strengthen immunization vaccination of measles vaccine in areas with poor immunization and key populations. Improving the collection rate of qualified serum samples and carrying out the differential diagnosis of rubella virus serology is one of the means to improve the detection of measles laboratory.