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目的探讨新疆不同民族食管癌、贲门癌的发生与Ras癌基因、p53抑癌基因的作用及相互关系。方法对150例不同民族的食管癌、贲门癌进行病理分析及Ras癌基因蛋白和p53抑癌基因蛋白单克隆抗体免疫组化对比分析。结果 p21蛋白在贲门癌和食管鳞癌中的阳性率分别为78.9%、73.3%,均显著高于非癌组织(P<0.05);p53在贲门癌和食管鳞癌中的阳性率分别为75.5%、76.7%,均显著高于非癌组织(P<0.05)。p21、p53与贲门癌及食管鳞癌组织学分级均无明显相关(P>0.05)。p21和p53阳性检出率在各民族之间的阳性率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论食管癌和贲门癌的发生发展在癌基因激活和抑癌基因失活等方面具有相似之处,p53蛋白的过度表达可作为判断该肿瘤生物学行为的一个敏感可靠的指标。
Objective To investigate the role of the Ras oncogene and p53 tumor suppressor genes in the development of esophageal and cardiac cancers in different ethnic groups in Xinjiang. Methods The pathological analysis of 150 cases of esophageal and cardiac cancers of different ethnic groups were performed, and the immunohistochemical analysis of monoclonal antibodies against Ras oncogene protein and p53 tumor suppressor gene protein was performed. Results The positive rates of p21 protein in cardiac cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were 78.9% and 73.3%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in non-cancer tissue (P<0.05). The positive rates of p53 in cardiac cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were 75.5 and 75.5, respectively. % and 76.7% were significantly higher than non-cancer tissues (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between p21, p53 and histological grades of cardiac cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P>0.05). The positive rates of p21 and p53 positive detection among all ethnic groups were not statistically different (P>0.05). Conclusion The occurrence and development of esophageal and cardiac cancers have similarities in oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The overexpression of p53 protein can be used as a sensitive and reliable indicator to judge the biological behavior of this tumor.