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近期中央系列政策文件提出了集体土地使用权抵押的改革目标,但囿于金融主体的逐利性,集体土地使用权抵押尚缺乏实现路径;国外和我国台湾地区设立了独立的、具有完备层级结构、以农地权利抵押为主要业务并通过发行土地债券汇集资金的土地银行,可资引鉴;在我国现行法律框架内,土地银行应属于独立于政府部门的政策性银行,采用多方持股的公司制。土地银行专门从事集体土地使用权抵押业务,并可将债权与抵押权作为担保发行土地债券。
Recently, the central government policy document set forth the goal of reforming the collateralization of collective land use rights. However, due to the for-profit nature of financial subjects, the mortgage of collective land use rights still lacks a path of realization. Foreign countries and Taiwan in China have set up independent and fully hierarchical structures Land Bank, which takes the rights of agricultural land as the main business and collects funds through the issuance of land bonds, is eligible for reference. In the current legal framework of our country, Land Bank shall belong to a policy bank independent of government departments and adopt a multi- Company system. Land Bank specializes in collective land use rights mortgage business, and bonds and mortgages can be issued as a guarantee issue of land bonds.