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柴油机自发明之初便是当时热效率最高的热动力装置。经过100多年的发展,尤其是在本世纪30年代,由德国工程师罗伯特·博世发明了能够按发动机的工作顺序将高压燃油喷进气缸的喷射系统,更使柴油机在小型动力装置方面取得突飞猛进的发展。此后,又由德国大众汽车公司于70年代首次将柴油机运用到轿车上。自此,柴油机不仅继续在传统领域占据其无可动摇的位置,如机车、舰船、载重运输和军用车辆等大型机动装置以及工程机械、发电机组等固定式动力装置,而且在轿车上也占有一席之地。目前在像法国、荷兰等许多欧洲国家,采用柴油机为动力的轿车已经占其总轿车保有量的30％以上。特别是在1.4～2.0L的轿车中,德国的柴油轿车占60％,法国占88％。其中仅德国大众汽车公司在1997年柴油轿车产量由不到80万辆,到1998年增至110万辆。由此可见,随着节约石油资源以及环境保护的呼声日渐强烈,柴油机这一具有高热效率、低污染的动力装置正在得到迅速的发展。 柴油机之所以为人们广为接受,而且发展迅速,特别
Since the invention of the diesel engine was the thermal efficiency of the highest thermal device. After more than 100 years of development, especially in the 1930s, Robert Bosch, a German engineer, invented the injection system capable of injecting high-pressure fuel into the cylinder according to the working sequence of the engine, thereby making the diesel engine make rapid progress in small-sized power plant . Since then, Diesel engines have been applied to cars for the first time by Volkswagen in Germany in the 1970s. Since then, diesel engines have not only continued to occupy their unshakable position in traditional areas, such as locomotives, ships, heavy-duty transport and military vehicles and other large mobile devices and construction machinery, generating units and other stationary power plant, but also occupy the car A place. Currently in many European countries like France and the Netherlands, diesel-powered cars already account for more than 30% of their total car ownership. Especially in 1.4 ~ 2.0L cars, diesel cars in Germany accounted for 60%, France accounted for 88%. Among them, only Volkswagen of Germany produced less than 800,000 diesel passenger cars in 1997 and increased to 1.1 million in 1998. Thus, with the increasing calls for saving oil resources and environmental protection, diesel engines, which have high thermal efficiency and low pollution, are rapidly gaining momentum. The reason why diesel engines are widely accepted, but also developed rapidly, special