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提出并建立了一个纵向振动超声马达的力学模型。阐述了超声马达的工作机理,对定子和转子在间断接触时的粘连和滑动做了理论分析,给出了马达的驱动力随时间连续变化的解析表达式。对超声马达的速度、输入输出能量和效率等进行了分析,特别讨论了驱动频率、初始压力、转子的转动惯量和外加力矩对马达特性的影响。数值结果表明,按照本文模型得到的结论与模拟结果和实验结果相吻合。这些结论与结果为超声马达的构造、设计和控制等提供了可资参考的理论依据。
A mechanical model of longitudinal vibration ultrasonic motor is proposed and established. The working principle of the ultrasonic motor is expounded. The theory of the adhesion and slippage between the stator and the rotor during intermittent contact is theoretically analyzed, and the analytic expression of the driving force of the motor changing continuously with time is given. The speed, input and output energy and efficiency of the ultrasonic motor are analyzed. The influences of the driving frequency, initial pressure, rotor moment of inertia and applied torque on the motor characteristics are especially discussed. Numerical results show that the conclusions obtained from the model are in good agreement with the simulation and experimental results. These conclusions and results provide reference for the construction, design and control of ultrasonic motors.