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张载是中国古代著名的思想家。《正蒙》是他的主要哲学著作。他提出“太虚即气”的唯物主义气化学说,在中国哲学史上,明确地把“太虚”即虚空和物质性的元气结合起来,指出元气是虚空的本然状态,“知太虚即气,则无无。”这就从根本上排除了虚空的非物质性。他的“一物两体”的朴素辩证法认为太虚之气始终处于浮沉、升降、絪緼、相荡之中,“一故神,两故化”,这就有力地批判了玄学“有生于无”、佛教“虚能生气”的唯心主义本体论。张载作为一个思想家,十分注重自然科学的研究。为了论证他的唯物主义元气本体论,他曾深入地研究过天文学,形成了很有特色的宇宙结构思想,而《正蒙·参两》篇是他在这方面思想的结晶,也是研究张载的天文学思想的依据。然而,长期以来,对《正蒙·参两》篇望而生畏。近代学者,阐释甚少,力作不闻于世。本文想通过《正蒙·参两》篇,对张载的宇宙结构等天文学思想作初步探索,错误之处,请专家学友指正。
Zhang Zai is a well-known thinker in ancient China. “Being Mongolian” is his chief philosophical work. In the history of Chinese philosophy, he explicitly put forward the theory of materialistic gasification, which means “too virtual is gas”. In the history of Chinese philosophy, he explicitly combined “vitality” with the vitality of materiality and pointed out that vitality is the natural state of emptiness. That gas, then no. “This basically ruled out the immaterial void. His simple dialectics of ”one thing and two bodies“ think that the feeling of too much emptiness is always in the ups and downs, the ups and downs, the staggering, and the turmoil in the world. This strongly criticizes metaphysics In the absence of ”Buddhism“ virtual life can be angry ”idealism ontology. As a thinker, Zhang Zai pays much attention to the research of natural sciences. In order to demonstrate his materialist vitality ontology, he studied astronomy in depth and formed a very distinctive thought of cosmic structure. The article “Being Mongolian and Senate” is the crystallization of his thoughts in this field, The basis of astronomical thinking. However, for a long time, it is daunting to “being Mongolian and Senate”. Modern scholars, little explanation, masterpiece does not smell the world. This article wants to pass “is Mongolian and Senate two” articles, Zhang Zai’s universe structure and other astronomical ideas for preliminary exploration, the wrong place, please expert correction.