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在小学作文教学中,书面的写要以口头的说作基础。培养和提高小学生口头语言的表达能力,这是小学作文教学的起点,也是小学作文教学的重点。为什么要强调先说后写?首先,从儿童语言的发展规律来看,是口头语言先于书面语言。儿童入学前,口头上就掌握了不少的词语,为书面写话提供了词汇基础。但是他们往往难于把话说完全,难于把意思表达清楚,说话的条理性也差。要使口头语言过渡到书面语言,做到说和写的统一,就必须要经过一番严格的口语训练。其次,从思维和语言的关系来看,“说”可以检查思考的结果,起到组织语言的作用,同时又促进积极思考,有利于书面语言的提高。所以“说”是从内部语言达到书面语言的桥梁。总之,从说到写,从述到作,从口语训练到命题作文,这是儿童写作能力发展的一般规律。
In primary school composition teaching, written writing should be based on verbal. To develop and improve pupils' oral language expression ability is the starting point of primary school composition teaching and also the primary focus of primary school composition teaching. Why emphasize first to write? First of all, from the perspective of the development of children's language, verbal language precedes written language. Children before school, verbally mastered a lot of words, written writing provides a vocabulary foundation. However, they often find it hard to speak completely, difficult to express their meanings, and poorly organized. In order to make the spoken language into a written language and to achieve the unity of speaking and writing, we must undergo some strict oral training. Second, from the relationship between thinking and language, “say” can check the result of thinking, play the role of organizing language, and at the same time promote positive thinking, which is beneficial to the improvement of written language. So Say is a bridge from the internal language to the written language. In short, from speaking to writing, from writing to writing, from oral training to proposition writing, this is the general law of the development of children's writing skills.