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挪威在世界上拥有最多的海底隧道,最近30a共修建了40条海底隧道,总长达240km。尽管大部分隧道位于较好的地层条件,但也遇到与断层相关的复杂地质条件。挪威海底隧道规划与施工中的一个主要特点是封闭可能的渗水,多年的实践发展出一套系统的探测和封闭渗水的方法,挪威所有的海底隧道都应用了这一方法。据此,介绍该方法,同时介绍处理更为复杂地质情况的隧道建设经验,包括防止隧道的进一步坍塌以及所采取的冻结地层方法,进而还讨论有关把挪威海底隧道经验应用到厦门海底隧道规划与建设中的问题。厦门海底隧道某些段所处地质条件较差,极具挑战性。挪威顾问集团专家协助并正参与把挪威经验应用到厦门海底隧道的建设中去。
Norway has the largest number of undersea tunnels in the world and 40 submarine tunnels have been constructed in the last 30 years for a total length of 240km. Although most of the tunnels are located in better formation conditions, complex geological conditions associated with faults are also encountered. A key feature of Norwegian tunnel planning and construction is the closure of possible water seepage. Years of practice have developed a systematic approach to detection and containment of water seepage, which is applied to all undersea tunnels in Norway. Accordingly, the methodology is presented, together with the experience of tunneling to handle more complex geological conditions, including further tunnel collapse prevention and the method of freezing strata taken, followed by discussions on the application of the Norwegian Tunnel Crossing experience to the planning and construction of the Xiamen Cross- Problems in construction. Some sections of the Xiamen Cross-Harbor Tunnel are in poor geological conditions and are extremely challenging. Norwegian consultants group of experts to assist and are involved in the Norwegian experience applied to the construction of the Xiamen Cross-Harbor Tunnel.