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【目的】研究早熟陆地棉种质遗传多样性,为北疆早熟陆地棉育种提供理论依据。【方法】基于43个早熟陆地棉品种表型和基因型数据,利用Power Marker V3.25软件,进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】长江流域环境下,新疆棉区与我国其他棉区育成的品种,在早熟性相关表型性状上差异不显著;西北内陆环境下,二者之间则差异显著。另外,174对具有稳定多态性的SSR引物用于分析43个品种的遗传多样性,共检测到486个等位变异位点,每对引物的等位变异为2~7个。等位基因变异的多态信息含量(PIC)在0.044~0.750 0。分子检测表明:新疆棉区育成的品种遗传基础较狭窄。利用Power Marker V3.25软件计算的遗传距离进行聚类,43个参试品种以遗传背景、育成单位、地理来源等聚为8类。【结论】与其他棉区品种相比,新疆早熟棉区育成的品种,其早熟性相关性状遗传基础狭窄,表型性状的遗传多样性受环境影响较大。聚类图反映了不同系统品种之间的交叉以及早期和近代早熟陆地棉不同系统之间的融合现象。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of early-mature upland cotton germplasm and to provide a theoretical basis for breeding of early-mature upland cotton in northern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data of 43 precocious upland Upland cotton cultivars, the genetic diversity was analyzed using Power Marker V3.25 software. 【Result】 Under the environment of the Yangtze River Basin, the cultivars cultivated in Xinjiang cotton area and other cotton areas in China showed no significant difference in the early maturity related phenotypic traits. In the northwest inland environment, the difference was significant. In addition, 174 SSR primers with stable polymorphism were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 43 cultivars. A total of 486 allelic variants were detected, with alleles ranging from 2 to 7 for each pair of primers. Polymorphic information content (PIC) of allelic variation ranged from 0.044 to 0.750 0. Molecular tests showed that the genetic basis of cultivated varieties in Xinjiang cotton area is rather narrow. The genetic distances calculated by Power Marker V3.25 software were used for clustering. The genetic diversity of 43 cultivars was classified into 8 categories based on genetic background, breeding units and geographical origin. 【Conclusion】 Compared with other cotton varieties, the precocious related traits in Xinjiang precocious cultivars have a narrow genetic basis and the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits is greatly affected by the environment. The clustering maps reflect the crossover between different system varieties and the convergence between different systems of early and modern precocious upland cotton.