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先秦时期,作为养马场合的厩、牧,在字义、空间与使用的性质诸方面均判然有别。西周以迄春秋前期,国小民寡,牧区一般设在郊野之内。《诗·邶风·静女》:“静女其姝,俟我于城隅”、“自牧归夷,洵美且异”。《小雅·出车》:“我出我车,于彼牧矣”,“我出我车,于彼郊矣。”均证明郊为牧区。为了防止牧圈逃亡和邻国抢马,列国通常还派兵至郊牧守卫。《左传》(?)公二十八年记:“谁扞牧圈?”扞,即是守卫。不少小国碍于疆界局蹐,终先秦之世均以郊为牧区。《左传》隐
During the Pre-Qin period, stables and herds as horse breeding occasions were quite different in terms of meaning, space and nature of use. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the small number of people, pastoral areas are generally located within the countryside. “Poetry 邶 wind · static girl”: “static girl its Shu, 俟 I corner of the city”, “self-grazing, 洵 beauty and differences.” “Xiao Ya out of the car”: “I am out of my car, animal husbandry in the animal husbandry,” “I am out of my car, in the suburbs carry on.” All prove that the suburbs are pastoral areas. In order to prevent fleeing from escaping pastures and grabbing horses from neighboring countries, the nations often send troops to suburban guards. “Zuo Zhuan” (?) Male twenty-eight years mind: “Who defends the pasture?” To defend, that is guarded. Many small countries hindered by the border bureaucracy, and in the end the world of Qin was dominated by pastoral areas. “Zuo Zhuan” hidden