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在多数工业化人群中,卒中是死亡的第三位主要原因,也是住院和长期残废的重要原因。流行病学研究最近探讨了本病的病因和自然史及建立医院和社会服务设施的必要性。定义和标准世界卫生组织(WHO)对本病的定义为:除血管源性因素外,无明显原因地迅速发生局部(或整个)脑功能失调的临床体征,症状持续24小时或以上或者导致死亡。这一定义包括蛛网膜下腔出血,但不包括一过性缺血发作,脑膜下出血,感染或肿瘤所致的出血或梗塞。卒中亚型的分类标准尚未规范化。某些临床指标虽然对鉴别出血性卒中与梗塞所致的卒中有很高的阳性预告价值,但决定性鉴别仍取决于CT扫描和/或尸体解剖。
In most industrialized people, stroke is the third leading cause of death and an important reason for hospitalization and long-term disability. Epidemiological studies have recently explored the etiology and natural history of the disease and the need to establish hospital and social service facilities. DEFINITIONS AND STANDARDS The World Health Organization (WHO) defines this disease as the rapid onset of clinical signs of local (or total) brain dysfunction for no apparent reason other than vascular origin, symptoms that persist for 24 hours or more, or result in death . This definition includes subarachnoid hemorrhage, but does not include transient ischemic attack, subdural hemorrhage, infection or tumor-induced bleeding or infarction. The classification of stroke subtypes has not been standardized. Although some of the clinical indicators have a high positive predictive value for identifying stroke due to stroke and infarction, definitive identification still depends on CT scan and / or autopsy.