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随着人文社会科学领域的空间转向,文学批评不再视空间为单一、抽象的背景,开始重视文本中的空间叙事及其背后的政治、文化、身份认同及权力关系。作为一种具有鲜明的都市文化与现代性特点的文类,侦探小说从公认的开山鼻祖爱伦·坡那里,其空间属性便居于突出的地位。在细读“杜宾系列”、《人群中的人》《金甲虫》等文本的基础上,从亨利·列斐伏尔的“三重空间”理论出发,将其小说中的空间叙事置于景观空间、社会空间和个体空间的体系下进行梳理和分析,指出爱伦·坡的侦探小说由都市景观、大众媒体和异位想象共同构成,三者之间的复杂关系则构成小说的内在推进力;而在“三重空间”中的死亡、凶杀和逃离则深刻揭示工业社会下的身份焦虑,是美国19世纪上半叶由传统社会向工业社会转型、城市化导致社会矛盾加速过程的象征性再现。
With the spatial shift in humanities and social sciences, literary criticism no longer treats space as a single, abstract background. It begins to value spatial narratives in texts and the political, cultural, identity and power relations behind them. As a kind of genre with distinctive urban culture and modernity, detective novels occupy a prominent position in space from the recognized pioneer Allan Poe. On the basis of reading the texts such as The Dubin Series, The Crowd, The Golden Beetle and Henry Lefebvre’s “Triple Space ” theory, the space in his novels The narrative is arranged and analyzed under the system of landscape space, social space and individual space. It points out that Aaron Poe’s detective novels are composed of urban landscape, mass media and ectopic imaginations. The complex relationship among the three constitutes a novel The death, murder and escape in “Triple Space ” profoundly reveal the identity anxiety in industrialized society as the result of the transition from traditional society to industrial society in the first half of the 19th century in the United States and the social contradictions caused by urbanization Symbolic reproduction of the acceleration process.