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赤霉病是我国最重要的小麦病害之一,主要发生在南方稻麦两熟、三熟地区,但七十年代以来,黄河中下游小麦玉米两熟地区小麦穗腐也相当严重。以陕西关中为例,历史上并无小麦赤霉病发生,1958年和1959年局部地区曾一度流行。此后,由于栽培制度的改变,品种的更替和施肥水平的提高,以及水浇地的扩大逐渐成为一种多发性病害。1963、1964和1972——1976年都有较大流行。即使非流行年,渭河两岸低湿田块发病仍然较重。小麦玉米两熟地区生态条件与长江中下游稻麦复种地区截然不同,因而小麦赤霉病的发生规律也必然不同,但迄今尚无这方面的研究报导。根据陕西15个发病县分离菌株的鉴定结果,小麦赤霉病病原菌主要是禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schw.)
Fusarium head blight is one of the most important wheat diseases in China. It mainly occurs in the areas of rice and wheat double ripening and three ripening in the south. However, since the seventies, wheat ear rot in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is also quite serious. Taking Guanzhong in Shaanxi Province as an example, no wheat head blight occurred in history. In 1958 and 1959, some areas were once endemic. Since then, due to the change of cultivation system, the change of breed and the improvement of fertilization level and the expansion of irrigated land have gradually become a kind of multiple disease. 1963,1964 and 1972 - 1976 have a greater prevalence. Even in the non-epidemic year, the incidence of low wetland blocks on both banks of the Weihe River is still relatively heavy. The ecological conditions of wheat and wheat in two ripening areas are quite different from those in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the occurrence rules of wheat scab are inevitable, but so far there is no report on this aspect. According to the identification results of isolates from 15 endemic areas in Shaanxi province, the main pathogen of wheat scab belongs to Fusarium graminearum Schw.