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夏作为一个国家是否在中国历史上存在过,随着建国后在河南偃师二里头村发现了夏文化和城邦遗址,已不容置疑。但夏时代尚有许多问题还未解决,由于年代久远,地下考掘实物太少,要肯定地回答一些问题是相当艰难的。比如文字,夏的文字至今还没有系统地发现,但已有了刻画符号甚至较为复杂的已具有了字的意义的符号则是可以肯定的。所以,图画与刻写符号就十分可能是当时主要交流形式。这是由当时的生产力状况和社会发展状况所决定的。夏部族姒姓,以“女”为偏旁,反映了原始社会母系氏族在社会经济中的作用的痕迹。传说中的鲧,实质上正是母系社会的代表,以“鱼”为偏旁,它的意象表征着当时的社会对生殖的崇拜。如西安半坡出土的绘有口含双鱼人面纹陶器,还有绘有鱼、蛙等陶器图纹,这些绝大部分是远古人追寻生殖崇拜的孑遗。“禹”字,
Whether Xia as a country existed in Chinese history or not, with the founding of summer culture and city-state sites in Erlitou Village, Yanshi, Henan Province after the founding of the People’s Republic, there is no doubt about it. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the summer era. Since there are too few underground examinations in the long run, it is quite difficult to answer some of the questions affirmatively. Such as text, summer text has not yet been systematically found, but there have been described symbols or even more complex symbols that have the meaning of the word is to be sure. Therefore, it is quite possible that the pictorial and the inscribed symbols are the main forms of communication at the time. This is determined by the prevailing conditions of productivity and social development. Xia clan surname surname, with “female” as the radical, reflects the matriarchal clan in the primitive society in the social economy traces. The legendary 鲧 is essentially the representative of the matriarchal society, with “fish” as the radical. Its image represents the social worship of reproduction at that time. For example, the painting unearthed in Banpo of Xi’an contains the Pisces human face-print pottery, as well as the pottery patterns painted with fish, frogs and so on. Most of these are the relics of the ancient people in search of reproductive worship. “Yu” word,