论文部分内容阅读
为了探讨不同灌溉模式对大型土壤动物群落结构的影响,在广西崇左市江州区糖料蔗节水灌溉试验区设置地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、喷灌、微喷5种灌溉处理以及无灌溉空白对照共6个样地,于2015年5—11月对大型土壤动物群落及土壤理化性质进行调查。共捕获大型土壤动物1 180只,隶属于2门10纲18目,优势类群为膜翅目(蚁科),占总数的71.44%;常见类群为蜘蛛目、等翅目(白蚁科)、革翅目、直翅目、鞘翅目、蜚蠊目、半翅目和等足目。不同灌溉模式各样地大型土壤动物类群数差异不显著。灌溉处理样地大型土壤动物密度、ShannonWiener多样性指数(H)、Pielou均匀度指数(E)和Margalef丰富度指数(D)均优于无灌溉样地,Simpson优势度指数(C)则相反,并且地埋滴灌、喷灌样地与无灌溉样地间上述指标均差异显著。不同灌溉模式对蔗田土壤理化性质产生显著影响,地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、喷灌和微喷样地土壤含水率、有机质含量、速效氮含量、速效磷含量及速效钾含量均高于无灌溉样地,且地埋滴灌与喷灌样地上述指标值较高。节水灌溉增强了土壤的储水能力,提高了土壤的营养条件,改善了蔗田土壤的微环境。大型土壤动物群落结构在不同灌溉模式下变化显著,主要表现在大型土壤动物密度与多样性增加,地埋滴灌和喷灌方式样地表现尤为突出。
In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation modes on the community structure of soil macrofauna, five kinds of irrigation treatments, including drip irrigation, surface drip irrigation, tube irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and micro-spray, were set up in the sugar cane water-saving irrigation experiment zone in Jiangzhou District, A total of 6 non-irrigated land samples were collected from May to November 2015 to investigate the characteristics of soil macrofauna community and soil physical and chemical properties. A total of 1 180 large soil fauna were collected, belonging to 2 orders, 10 classes and 18 orders. The dominant group was Hymenoptera, accounting for 71.44% of the total. Common groups were Araneae, Isoptera (termites), leather Diptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, cockroach, Hemiptera and Isopoda. There was no significant difference in the number of macro soil fauna among different irrigation modes. The density of soil macrofauna, ShannonWiener index (H), Pielou evenness index (E) and Margalef index (D) of irrigated land were better than those of non-irrigated land and Simpson dominance index (C) And the underground drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation plots and non-irrigated plots of the above indicators were significant differences. The effects of different irrigation patterns on the physical and chemical properties of sugarcane soils were significant. The contents of soil moisture, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly higher than those of buried drip irrigation, surface drip irrigation, tube irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and micro-spraying No irrigated plots, and the above index values of buried drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation plots are higher. Water-saving irrigation enhances soil water storage capacity, improves soil nutrient conditions, and improves the microenvironment of sugarcane soils. The structure of soil macrofauna changed significantly under different irrigation patterns, which mainly reflected the increase of density and diversity of macrofauna, especially the drip irrigation and drip irrigation.