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尿石症为泌尿外科最常见的疾病之一,而且复发率高。近年来虽然儿童膀胱结石的发病率有所下降,但肾结石及上尿路结石的发病率有所上升,因此世界各地都在研究尿石症的病因和发病机制,探求更好的预防措施和治疗。尿石症的病因目前公认是复杂多样的,受外界与体内许多因素的影响,众所周知,尿石症有明显的地区性,这和自然环境、气候、季节、水质、饮食、营养状况等有关;体内的因素有全身性因素与局部因素两方面,全身因素主要有:引起高钙血症和高尿钙的甲状旁腺机能亢进,原发性肾小管性酸中毒,维生素D过多症等;引起草酸盐增多的因素如摄取过多含草酸盐的食物如菠菜、草莓、浓茶等;进食大量动物脏器肝、肾等含有高嘌呤的食物,特别在痛风患者,易促使尿酸结石的形成;遗传因素,可能结石病人对调
Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases, and the recurrence rate is high. In recent years, although the incidence of bladder stones in children has decreased, but the incidence of kidney stones and upper urinary tract stones has increased, so around the world are studying the etiology and pathogenesis of urolithiasis, to explore better preventive measures and treatment. The cause of urolithiasis is currently recognized as complex and diverse. Influenced by many external and internal factors, it is known that urolithiasis is obviously regional, which is related to the natural environment, climate, seasons, water quality, diet and nutritional status. Body factors are systemic and local factors in two aspects, the main systemic factors are: hyperparathyroidism caused by hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, primary renal tubular acidosis, vitamin D hyperacidity, etc; Factors that lead to increased oxalate, such as excessive intake of oxalate-containing foods such as spinach, strawberries, tea, etc .; eat a large number of animal organs, liver and kidney purine foods containing high purine, especially in patients with gout, easy to promote uric acid stones The formation of genetic factors may be transferred to patients with stone